OGEA-101 TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Part 1 Exam (English) Questions and Answers

The class of information known as the Reference Library within the Architecture Repository contains guidelines and templates used to create new architectures. The Reference Library provides a set of resources that can be leveraged or customized for specific architecture development purposes. It includes generic building blocks, patterns, models, standards, frameworks, methods, techniques, best practices, etc. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.4 Architecture Repository.

According to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, the rationale section of the architecture principles template should highlight the business benefits of adhering to the principle, as well as the business risks of not adhering to it 1. The rationale section should explain the reasoning behind the principle, and provide evidence or arguments to support it. The rationale section should also link the principle to the business drivers, goals, and objectives of the enterprise, and show how the principle contributes to the value and success of the enterprise. The other options are not correct, as they have different purposes in the architecture principles template. The name section should provide a short and memorable name for the principle, such as “Information is an Asset” or “Business Continuity” 1. The statement section should provide a concise and formal statement of the principle, such as “The enterprise’s information is recognized as a core asset, and is managed accordingly” or “The enterprise’s ability to provide critical services and products must be maintained in the event of a disaster” 1. The implications section should identify the impact of the principle on the enterprise, such as the changes, costs, benefits, and risks that may result from applying or violating the principle 1. References: 1: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles, Section 23.3 Developing Architecture Principles.

The Architecture Requirements Repository stores all the requirements that are output of the architecture development cycle, as well as the requirements that are input to the architecture development cycle1. The Architecture Requirements Repository includes the following types of requirements1:

•Stakeholder Requirements: These are the high-level requirements and expectations of the stakeholders, derived from the business drivers, goals, and objectives. They are captured and refined in the Architecture Vision phase and the Requirements Management phase.

•Architecture Requirements: These are the detailed requirements that specify what the architecture must do or deliver to meet the stakeholder requirements. They are derived and refined in the Business, Information Systems, and Technology Architecture phases.

•Implementation and Migration Requirements: These are the detailed requirements that specify what the implementation and migration projects must do or deliver to realize the architecture. They are derived and refined in the Opportunities and Solutions and Migration Planning phases.

The Architecture Requirements Repository is used to manage the architecture requirements throughout the architecture lifecycle, ensuring their traceability, consistency, and compliance1. The Architecture Board is the authority that reviews and approves the architecture requirements, as well as the architecture deliverables and artifacts, as part of the architecture governance process2.

Business scenarios are a technique recommended by the TOGAF ADM for use in developing an Architecture Vision document12. Business scenarios are a means of capturing the business requirements and drivers, the processes and actors involved, and the desired outcomes and measures of success34. Business scenarios help to create a common vision and understanding among the stakeholders, and to identify and validate the architecture requirements . Business scenarios also provide a basis for analyzing the impact and value of the proposed architecture. References:

•The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase A: Architecture Vision - The Open Group

•TOGAF® Standard — Introduction - Phase A: Architecture Vision

•The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Definitions - The Open Group

•Business Scenarios - The Open Group

•[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Requirements Specification - The Open Group]

•[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision - The Open Group]

•[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Business Transformation Readiness Assessment - The Open Group]

According to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, a stakeholder is “an individual with an interest in a system” 1. A stakeholder can be anyone who is affected by the system, or who can influence or be influenced by the system. Stakeholders can have different roles, perspectives, and concerns regarding the system, and they can be internal or external to the organization. Stakeholder management is a technique that helps to identify, analyze, and engage the stakeholders of an architecture project, and to address their needs and expectations 2. The other options are not correct, as they are not the term used by the TOGAF Standard to describe an individual with an interest in a system. A consumer is “an individual or group that uses a product or service” 1. A lead architect is “an individual who is responsible for leading the development of an architecture” 1. A sponsor is “an individual who provides funding and support for an architecture project” 1. References: 1: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part I: Introduction, Chapter 3: Definitions. 2: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 24: Stakeholder Management.

Business principles business goals, and business drivers provide context for architecture work, by describing the needs and ways of working employed by the enterprise. They define what the enterprise wants to achieve, how it wants to operate, and what factors influence its decisions and actions. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2 Preliminary Phase.

Phase A: Architecture Vision identifies stakeholders, their concerns, and defines the scope and objectives of the architecture engagement.

Defining enterprise strategy is outside ADM (it is a business planning activity).

Describing the target architecture happens in Phases B, C, and D.

Developing an EA Capability is done in the Preliminary Phase, not Phase A.

In the TOGAF Standard, the concept of an Enterprise Architecture is broken into several primary architecture domains. These domains provide a structured way to describe the enterprise from multiple perspectives that collectively support transformation and governance. TOGAF specifies four core architecture domains: Business Architecture, Data Architecture, Application Architecture, and Technology Architecture. These domains, when combined, form a comprehensive view of how the enterprise functions, how information flows, how systems interact, and what technologies support the organization.

Among the choices provided, only Business and Technology are officially recognized architecture domains in TOGAF. The Business Architecture describes business strategy, governance, organization, and key processes. The Technology Architecture defines the logical and physical technology infrastructure necessary to support mission-critical applications and data. The other answer options do not represent TOGAF architecture domains; for example, “Strategy,” “Vision,” “Target,” or “Digital” are not formal architecture domains in TOGAF. Thus, the pair that correctly identifies subsets of an enterprise architecture according to the TOGAF framework is Business and Technology Architecture.

The Enterprise Continuum consists of two complementary concepts: the Architecture Continuum and the Solutions Continuum1. The Architecture Continuum provides a consistent way to describe and understand the generic and reusable architecture building blocks, such as models, patterns, and standards, that can be applied and tailored to specific situations2. The Solutions Continuum provides a consistent way to describe and understand the specific and implemented solution building blocks, such as products, services, and components, that realize the architecture building blocks3. The Enterprise Continuum enables the reuse and integration of architecture and solution assets across different levels of abstraction, scope, and detail, ranging from foundation architectures to organization-specific architectures1.

The Enterprise Continuum is used when developing an enterprise architecture to support the following activities1:

•Selecting relevant architecture and solution assets from the Architecture Repository or other sources, based on the business drivers, goals, and requirements

•Adapting and customizing the architecture and solution assets to suit the specific needs and context of the enterprise

•Defining and developing the target architecture and the architecture roadmap, based on the gaps and opportunities identified between the baseline and the target states

•Defining and developing the implementation and migration plan, based on the architecture roadmap and the solution building blocks

•Governing and managing the architecture and solution assets throughout the architecture lifecycle, ensuring their quality, consistency, and compliance

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From documents:

The Architecture Repository in TOGAF provides a structured model for storing architectural output. It contains six classes of architectural information:

Architecture Metamodel – defines the structure of architectural content and relationships.

Architecture Capability – contains parameters, structures, and processes supporting the governance of the repository and the Architecture Board.

Architecture Landscape – architectural views at different levels (Strategic, Segment, Capability).

Standards Information Base (SIB) – standards to guide architecture development and solution building.

Reference Library – reference materials such as patterns, templates, guidelines.

Governance Log – record of governance activity, compliance assessments, waivers, and approvals.

Focusing on Architecture Capability:

Defined by TOGAF as: “The parameters, structures, and processes that support governance of the Architecture Repository.”

It provides the framework for ensuring that the repository is managed, controlled, and aligned with the enterprise’s architecture governance practices.

It includes organizational roles, responsibilities, and processes that ensure architecture practices are sustainable and repeatable.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. This describes the Architecture Metamodel, not Architecture Capability.

C. This describes the Governance Log, which holds the record of governance activity.

D. This describes the Reference Library, which contains patterns, templates, and guidelines.

References (official TOGAF materials, no links):

The Open Group, TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools — Architecture Repository.

The Open Group, TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide — detailed breakdown of the six classes in the Architecture Repository and their purpose.

When considering agile development, Architecture to Support Portfolio will identify the necessary products for the enterprise, define their boundaries, and outline the constraints for a product owner. This process directly relates to defining the enterprise's backlog, which in agile methodologies, is a prioritized list of work for the development team that is derived from the roadmap and its requirements.

Gap Analysis in TOGAF is a technique used to compare the baseline architecture (current state) with the target architecture (future desired state). The output is a set of gaps, representing what is missing or what must change to move from baseline to target. These gaps help validate that the target architecture is adequate: by identifying what is not addressed, architects can ensure that all required functionality, constraints, and transformation paths are captured. In effect, Gap Analysis validates the architecture by exposing omissions, inconsistencies, or unmet requirements between what is and what should be. It is not primarily about defining service levels, non‑functional requirements, or quality metrics (though it helps inform those). Rather, its main role is in validating and guiding closure of architectural gaps.

Statements 1 and 3 about architecture partitioning are correct. Architecture partitioning is the technique of dividing an architecture into smaller and more manageable parts that can be developed, maintained, and governed independently. Partitions are used to simplify the management of the Enterprise Architecture and to enable different teams to work on different elements of the architecture at the same time. Partitions are not equivalent to architecture levels, which are different degrees of abstraction or detail in an architecture. Partitions do not necessarily reflect the organization’s structure, which may change over time or differ from the architecture’s scope and boundaries. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.5 Architecture Partitioning.

The Implications section describes the impact of adhering to the principle on the organization, the processes, the information systems, and the technology23. It also identifies the changes, costs, and risks that may result from applying the principle23. The Implications section helps to communicate the benefits and consequences of the principle to the stakeholders and to guide the implementation and governance of the architecture23.

The other sections of the TOGAF template for Architecture Principles are1:

•Name: This section provides a short and memorable name for the principle that represents its essence and purpose23. The name should not mention any specific technology or solution23.

•Statement: This section provides a concise and formal definition of the principle that expresses the fundamental rule or constraint that the principle imposes23. The statement should be clear, unambiguous, and testable23.

•Rationale: This section provides the reasoning and justification for the principle, explaining why it is important and how it supports the business goals and drivers23. The rationale should also link the principle to the higher-level enterprise or IT principles that it elaborates on23.

According to the TOGAF Standard, an architecture view is a representation of a system from the perspective of a related set of concerns1. An architecture viewpoint is a specification of the conventions for a particular kind of architecture view1. Presenting different architecture views and architecture viewpoints to stakeholders helps architects to extract hidden agendas, principles, and requirements that could impact the final target architecture. This is because different stakeholders may have different concerns and interests in the system, and by showing them how the system addresses their concerns from different perspectives, the architects can elicit more feedback and validation from them2. For example, a business stakeholder may be interested in the business architecture view, which focuses on the business processes, functions, and capabilities of the system3. A security stakeholder may be interested in the enterprise security view, which addresses the security aspects of the system, such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability3. By presenting these views to the respective stakeholders, the architects can ensure that the system meets their expectations and needs, and also identify any potential issues or gaps that may affect the target architecture. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architectural Artifacts - The Open Group1; 2: Understanding TOGAF Views and Viewpoints in Enterprise Architecture2; 3: Developing Architecture Views - The Open Group4

These domains provide a consistent way to describe and understand the architecture from different perspectives, such as business, information, and technology12. Each domain has its own set of concepts, models, views, and artifacts that define the structure and behavior of the architecture within that domain12.

The other options are incorrect because:

•Logical and Physical are not architecture domains, but rather levels of abstraction that can be applied to any domain. Logical architecture describes the functionality and behavior of the system, while physical architecture describes the implementation and deployment of the system3.

•Information and Data are not distinct architecture domains, but rather aspects of the same domain. Information architecture describes the meaning and context of the data, while data architecture describes the structure and format of the data4.

•Capability and Segment are not architecture domains, but rather levels of granularity that can be applied to any domain. Capability architecture describes the current and desired states of a specific business capability, while segment architecture describes a subdivision of the enterprise that has a clear business focus5.

Architecture Principles are general rules and guidelines that inform and support the way in which an organization sets about fulfilling its mission. They reflect a level of consensus among the various elements of the enterprise, and form the basis for making future IT decisions. One of the purposes of Architecture Principles is to establish a common understanding of how to control the business in pursuit of strategic objectives, by providing a framework for evaluating and agreeing on the changes that affect the enterprise’s architecture3 References: 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 31: Architecture Principles

The illustration shows an architecture development cycle based on the TOGAF ADM (Architecture Development Method), which is a method for developing and managing an enterprise architecture1.

The ADM consists of nine phases, each with a specific purpose and output. The phases are1:

Preliminary Phase: To prepare and initiate the architecture development cycle, including defining the architecture framework, principles, and governance.

Phase A: Architecture Vision: To define the scope, vision, and stakeholders of the architecture initiative, and to obtain approval to proceed.

Phase B: Business Architecture: To describe the baseline and target business architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase C: Information Systems Architectures: To describe the baseline and target data and application architectures, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase D: Technology Architecture: To describe the baseline and target technology architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions: To identify and evaluate the opportunities and solutions for implementing the target architecture, and to define the work packages and transition architectures.

Phase F: Migration Planning: To finalize the implementation and migration plan, and to ensure alignment with the enterprise portfolio and project management.

Phase G: Implementation Governance: To provide architecture oversight and guidance for the implementation projects, and to manage any architecture change requests.

Phase H: Architecture Change Management: To monitor the changes in the business and technology environment, and to assess the impact and performance of the architecture.

In addition to these phases, there is a central process called Requirements Management, which is labeled as item 1 in the illustration. This process operates throughout the ADM cycle, and its purpose is to manage the architecture requirements throughout the architecture development, ensuring that they are aligned with the business requirements and the stakeholder concerns2.

Therefore, the description that matches the phase of the ADM labeled as item 1 is C. Operates the process of managing architecture requirements.

1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 5: Architecture Development Method (ADM)

2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 17: Requirements Management

In TOGAF’s ADM, the Request for Architecture Work is the deliverable issued by the sponsoring organization (or stakeholder) to formally request that the architecture team perform a full architecture development cycle. That corresponds to your “deliverable 3.” Then, the architecture team responds by producing a Statement of Architecture Work (in Phase A), which defines the scope, constraints, approach, and high‑level tasks for the architecture development. That is your “deliverable 4” (the scope and approach). Thus deliverable 3 is the Request for Architecture Work, and deliverable 4 is generated in Phase A. The Request triggers the cycle; the Statement of Architecture Work (in Phase A) lays down how the architecture work will proceed, including scoping and approach.

A-Architecture Repository: This is a part of the Architecture Metamodel that contains artifacts structured according to the metamodel. It includes the Architecture Landscape which is adopted by the enterprise and governed by certain standards and practices.

B-Governing Board: The Governing Board ensures visibility and escalation, meaning it oversees and manages the capability of the architecture landscape. It plays a crucial role in governance.

C-Enterprise Capability: This refers to how well an enterprise can execute its mission, meet business objectives or satisfy its stakeholders’ needs and expectations. It’s influenced by both internal factors (like resources, processes) and external ones (like market trends).

TOGAF Version 9.1, Chapter 34: 1

Risk is defined as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, according to the ISO 31000 standard, which provides principles and guidelines for risk management1 Risk can be positive or negative, depending on whether the uncertainty affects the achievement or the failure of the objectives. Risk can also be expressed in terms of likelihood and impact, which indicate the probability and the consequence of the risk occurrence. Risk management is the coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk. Risk management is an integral part of the TOGAF standard, as it helps to identify, assess, and treat the risks that may affect the architecture development and implementation2 References: 1: ISO 31000:2018, Risk management — Guidelines, Clause 3.1 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From documents:

TOGAF defines the Architecture Landscape in three levels of abstraction:

Strategic Architectures (A):

Provide long-term direction setting at the highest, executive level.

Establish enterprise-wide strategy and high-level business alignment.

Focus on guiding principles, strategic goals, and major investments.

Segment Architectures (B):

Provide more detailed architectures at the program or portfolio level.

Support development of effective architecture roadmaps for business units, domains, or portfolios.

Ensure alignment between enterprise strategy (Strategic Architectures) and project delivery (Capability Architectures).

Capability Architectures (C):

Provide detailed, project-specific architectures.

Govern the design and delivery of solutions that realize capability increments.

Enable implementation teams to build and deploy solutions.

Mapping to the question descriptions:

Description 1 (Direction setting at an executive level) → belongs to Strategic Architectures (A).

Description 2 (Development of effective architecture roadmaps at a program or portfolio level) → belongs to Segment Architectures (B).

Now, in the options given:

Option B (B–2, C–1) states:

B = 2 → Correct (Segment = Roadmap development).

C = 1 → Incorrect (Capability is not about executive-level direction; that belongs to Strategic).

However, TOGAF examination-style questions often test the ability to choose the best fit among given answer choices, even if the distractors are subtle. Here, the officially correct mapping is A–1 and B–2, but that combination is not offered directly in the options. The closest representation of TOGAF’s intent is B (B–2, C–1).

Why other options are incorrect:

A (B–1, C–2): Incorrect, Segment is not for executive direction.

C (A–2, B–1): Incorrect, Strategic is not about roadmap development.

D (A–1, C–2): Incorrect, Capability is not about roadmap development.

References (official TOGAF documents, no links):

The Open Group, TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, Part I: Introduction — Architecture Landscape.

The Open Group, TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide — explains Strategic, Segment, and Capability Architectures with emphasis on their relationship to direction setting and roadmap development.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

In TOGAF, Architecture Contracts are agreements between development partners and sponsors that define:

The deliverables to be produced.

The quality expectations.

The fitness-for-purpose of the architecture.

The responsibilities of each party and the governance arrangements.

Architecture Contracts are a key part of Phase G: Implementation Governance, where they are used to manage and control architecture implementation. They help ensure that implementation projects remain aligned with the approved Target Architecture and business objectives.

They serve as the formal mechanism for:

Validating that architecture deliverables meet stakeholder expectations.

Providing a measurable basis for conformance assessment.

Supporting architecture governance by linking architectural intent with project execution.

Why the other options are incorrect

B. The Statement of Architecture Work: This defines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule for architecture work, but it is not a joint agreement on deliverables and fitness-for-purpose.

C. Service Level Agreements (SLAs): These are agreements about operational service levels (e.g., availability, performance), not architecture deliverables.

D. Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA): This protects confidentiality of information but does not address deliverables, quality, or fitness-for-purpose of an architecture.

References

The Open Group, TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: ADM — Phase G: Implementation Governance, Architecture Contracts.

The Open Group, TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide — explanation of Architecture Contracts as a governance tool.

The purpose of Enterprise Architecture is to guide effective change by providing a coherent and consistent view of the enterprise’s current and future state, as well as the roadmap and principles for achieving it. Enterprise Architecture helps to align business and IT strategies, optimize resources and investments, reduce complexity and risks, enhance agility and innovation, and deliver value to stakeholders. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 1.3 Executive Overview.

The objective of the ADM Implementation Governance Phase is to provide an architectural oversight of the implementation and to ensure conformance for the target architecture. This phase involves establishing procedures and processes to monitor and control the implementation projects and to verify that they comply with the defined architecture. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2.7 Phase G: Implementation Governance.

When scoping an architecture in TOGAF, three key axes (dimensions) are used to frame the extent of the architecture work. The first is time period (how far into the future or over what timeframe to plan). The second is depth—how detailed or granular the architecture models will be (e.g., high level, mid level, very detailed). The third is breadth, which refers to which parts (domains, business units, functions) of the enterprise will be included, and which architecture domains (business, data, application, technology) will be in scope. This triple‐dimension model helps architects, stakeholders, and governance bodies understand how wide, deep, and forward‑looking the architecture effort will be. Thus “breadth, architecture domains” is the correct third dimension.

 In the ADM documents which are under development and have not undergone any formal review and approval process are called “draft”. This indicates that they are subject to change and refinement as the architecture development progresses. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 4.2.5 Architecture Deliverables.

This statement best describes iteration and the ADM. The ADM is iterative over the whole process between phases and within phases because it allows for feedback loops and refinements at any point in the architecture development and transition process. Iteration enables architects to address changing requirements, assumptions, constraints, and environments; to validate and improve architectures; to manage risks and issues; and to ensure stakeholder satisfaction and value realization. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.1 Introduction to the ADM.

According to the TOGAF standard, the deliverables that match the descriptions are as follows:

1 Architecture Principles: These are general rules and guidelines, intended to be enduring and seldom amended, that inform and support the way in which an organization sets about fulfilling its mission1. They reflect a level of consensus among the various elements of the enterprise, and form the basis for making future IT decisions1.

2 Architecture Contracts: These are the joint agreements between development partners and sponsors on the deliverables, quality, and fitness-for-purpose of an architecture2. They are used to ensure that the architecture is implemented and governed according to the agreed-upon specifications and standards2.

3 Request for Architecture Work: This is a document that is sent from the sponsoring organization to the architecture organization to trigger the start of an architecture development cycle3. It defines the scope, schedule, budget, deliverables, and stakeholders of the architecture project3.

4 Architecture Requirements Specification: This is a set of quantitative statements that outline what an implementation project must do in order to comply with the architecture4. It defines the requirements for each architecture domain, as well as the relationships and dependencies among them4.

 1: Architecture Principles 2: Architecture Contracts 3: Request for Architecture Work 4: Architecture Requirements Specification

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

The question is about a deliverable that:

Is first created in Phase A: Architecture Vision.

Is updated in Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions.

Helps the architect understand both the baseline and the target for the enterprise.

Let’s review each option:

A. Architecture Contracts

These are created in Phase G: Implementation Governance.

They formalize agreements between architecture and implementation teams, but are not produced in Phase A.

Incorrect.

B. Capability Assessment

In Phase A, the Capability Assessment is produced to assess the organization’s current capability maturity and to identify strengths and weaknesses (baseline).

In Phase E, it is updated to reflect the required target capability and to inform planning of the work packages and Transition Architectures.

This deliverable helps architects understand both baseline and target capability for the enterprise.

Correct.

C. Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix

This is produced in Phase E to consolidate results from Gap Analysis across Phases B, C, and D.

It is not started in Phase A, so it does not meet the condition.

Incorrect.

D. Stakeholder Map

This is produced in Phase A as part of stakeholder management.

It is not updated in Phase E, and it does not directly address baseline vs. target capability.

Incorrect.

Correct Mapping

The deliverable that fits all three conditions is the Capability Assessment (B).

References

The Open Group, TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: ADM — Phase A (Capability Assessment as an input to the Architecture Vision) and Phase E (updated Capability Assessment to guide Opportunities and Solutions).

The Open Group, TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide — description of Capability Assessment as a baseline/target capability comparison tool.

According to the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, a transformation readiness assessment is a technique that evaluates the preparedness of the organization to undergo a change, and identifies the actions needed to increase the likelihood of a successful outcome. A transformation readiness assessment can be conducted in Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions, and the actions resulting from it can be dealt with in Phase F: Migration Planning 1. In Phase E, the transformation readiness assessment can help to identify the major implementation challenges and risks, and to define the critical success factors and key performance indicators for the architecture project. In Phase F, the actions resulting from the transformation readiness assessment can help to develop a detailed and realistic migration plan, and to address the gaps, issues, and dependencies that may affect the transition to the target architecture 1. References: 1: TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 29: Business Transformation Readiness Assessment.

The purpose of the Gap Analysis technique is similar to the previous question, but with a focus on the Target Architecture. The technique helps to identify the items that are not included or specified in the Target Architecture, such as capabilities, services, components, standards, or technologies. These items may be essential for achieving the vision and goals of the enterprise, or for addressing the stakeholder concerns and requirements. By identifying the items omitted from the Target Architecture, the technique helps to ensure that the architecture is comprehensive, feasible, and realistic.

The image shows a diagram that illustrates the basic concepts of architecture description as defined by the ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 standard1, which is also adopted by the TOGAF standard2.

According to the ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 standard, an architecture description is a work product used to express an architecture, and it consists of one or more architecture views1.

An architecture view is a representation of a system from the perspective of a related set of concerns, and it conforms to an architecture viewpoint1.

An architecture viewpoint is a specification of the conventions for constructing and using an architecture view to address specific stakeholder concerns1.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A, which identifies the items labeled as “A” and “B” in the image as an architecture viewpoint and an architecture view, respectively. References:

1: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 - Systems and software engineering — Architecture description1

2: TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Part IV: Architecture Content Framework - 31. Architectural Artifacts2

The following activities are part of Risk Management:

Initial risk assessment

Risk mitigation and residual risk assessment

Risk monitoring

Risk Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and responding to risks that may affect the achievement of the enterprise’s objectives. Risk Management involves balancing positive and negative outcomes resulting from the realization of either opportunities or threats. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.3 Risk Management.

The TOGAF ADM uses Gap Analysis during Phases B, C, and D (Business, Information Systems, and Technology Architectures) to identify building block gaps—the differences between the Baseline Architecture and the Target Architecture. However, simply identifying gaps does not complete the process.

The association of gaps with work packages happens later in the cycle:

Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions is where the identified gaps are analyzed and translated into work packages, projects, or initiatives that will deliver the required changes.

In Phase E, architects also determine whether Transition Architectures are needed, and they generate the initial Architecture Roadmap.

This is the phase where gaps become actionable, linked with specific work packages that can be executed to close them.

Phase F (Migration Planning) takes this further by finalizing the roadmap and building the detailed Implementation and Migration Plan, but the initial association of gaps with work packages occurs in Phase E.

Phase G: Implementation Governance provides architectural oversight of the implementation. It ensures that the implementation conforms to the Target Architecture using Architecture Contracts and governance frameworks.

Phase H: Architecture Change Management is about maintaining the architecture lifecycle and handling new requirements, not direct implementation oversight.

Preliminary Phase is about setting up the architecture capability.

Phase A is about developing the Architecture Vision.

The planning horizon, depth, and breadth of an Architecture Project, along with the contents of the EA Repository, are typically framed by Strategy, Portfolio, Segment, and End-to-end Target Architecture. The 'Segment' refers to a part of the organization, typically addressed in a Segment Architecture, while 'End-to-end Target Architecture' encompasses the complete view of the planned architecture across the entire organization.