HPE6-A85 Aruba Certified Campus Access Associate Exam Questions and Answers

The status of “ALFOE” means that LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is a network protocol that provides dynamic negotiation of link aggregation between two devices. LACP allows multiple physical links to be combined into a single logical link for increased bandwidth, redundancy, and load balancing. LACP is defined in IEEE 802.3ad standard. is working fine with no problems when checking LACP with “show lacp interfaces”. The status of “ALFOE” is an acronym that stands for:

• A: Active - The interface is actively sending LACP packets to negotiate link aggregation with the peer device.
• L: Link Up - The interface has physical connectivity with the peer device.
• F: Aggregatable - The interface can be aggregated with other interfaces into a single logical link.
• O: Synchronized - The interface has successfully negotiated link aggregation parameters with the peer device and can transmit or receive traffic on the logical link.
• E: Collecting/Distributing - The interface is collecting incoming traffic from the peer device and distributing outgoing traffic to the peer device on the logical link.

The other options are not correct because:

• The interface on the local switch is configured as static-LAG: This option is false because static-LAG does not use LACP to negotiate link aggregation. Static-LAG requires manual configuration of link aggregation parameters on both devices and does not have any status indicators.
• LACP is not configured on the peer side: This option is false because if LACP is not configured on the peer side, the status of the interface would be “ALF–” instead of “ALFOE”. This means that the interface would not be synchronized or collecting/distributing with the peer device.
• LACP is in a synchronizing process: This option is false because if LACP is in a synchronizing process, the status of the interface would be “ALF-O” instead of “ALFOE”. This means that the interface would not be collecting/distributing with the peer device.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-overview.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-lacp.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_08/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/lag/lag-lacp-status.htm

The RADIUS message that you should look for to ensure a successful connection via 802.1X is Access-Accept. This message indicates that the RADIUS server has authenticated and authorized the supplicant (the device that wants to access thenetwork) and has granted it access to the network resources. The Access-Accept message may also contain additional attributes such as VLAN ID, session timeout, or filter ID that specify how the authenticator (the device that controls access to the network, such as a switch) should treat the supplicant’s traffic.

The other options are not RADIUS messages because:

• Authorized: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator is allowed to pass traffic from a supplicant after successful authentication and authorization.
• Success: This is not a RADIUS message, but a status that indicates that an EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant). exchange has completed successfully between a supplicant and an authentication server.
• Authenticated: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator has received an EAP-Success message from an authentication server after successful authentication of a supplicant.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS#Access-Accept https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/remote-authentication-dial-user-service-radius/13838-10.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X#Port-based_network_access_control https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Authentication_Protocol#EAP_exchange

A static route is a route that is manually configured on a router or switch and does not change unless it is modified by an administrator. Static routes are used to specify how traffic should reach specific destinations that are not directly connected to the device or that are not reachable by dynamic routing protocols. In Aruba CX switches, static routes can be configured using the ip route command in global configuration mode. Based on the “show ip route” output on an Aruba CX 8400 switch, the route “10.1 20 0/24, vrf default via 10.1.12.2, [1/0]” is a static route because it has an administrative distance of 1 and a metric of 0, which are typical values for static routes. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_routing https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/ip-routing/static-routes.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/ip-routing/show-ip-route.htm

Features: 1) Clustered Instant Access Points Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8

Features: 2) Dynamic Radius Proxy Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8

Features: 3) Scales to more than 10,000 devices Aruba OS version: b) Aruba OS 10

Features: 4) Unifies wired and wireless management Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8 

Features: 5) Wireless controllers Aruba OS version: a) Aruba OS 8

ArubaOS is the operating system for all Aruba Mobility Controllers (MCs) and controller-managed wireless access points (APs). ArubaOS 8 delivers unified wired and wireless access, seamless roaming, enterprise grade security, and a highly available network with the required reliability to support high density environments1. Some of the features of ArubaOS 8 are:

• Clustered Instant Access Points: This feature allows multiple Instant APs to form a cluster and share configuration and state information. This enables seamless roaming, load balancing, and fast failover for clients2.
• Dynamic Radius Proxy: This feature allows an MC to act as a proxy for RADIUS authentication requests from clients or APs. This simplifies the configuration and management of RADIUS servers and reduces the network traffic between MCs and RADIUS servers3.
• Wireless controllers: Aruba wireless controllers are devices that centrally manage and control the wireless network. They provide functions such as AP provisioning, configuration, security, policy enforcement, and network optimization.

ArubaOS 10 is the next-generation operating system that works with Aruba Central, a cloud-based network management platform. ArubaOS 10 delivers greater scalability, security, and AI-powered optimization across large campuses, branches, and remote work environments. Some of the features of ArubaOS 10 are:

• Scales to more than 10,000 devices: ArubaOS 10 can support up to 10,000 devices per cluster, which is ten times more than ArubaOS 8. This enables customers to scale their networks without compromising performance or reliability.
• Unifies wired and wireless management: ArubaOS 10 provides a single platform for managing both wired and wireless devices across the network. Customers can use Aruba Central to configure, monitor, troubleshoot, and update their devices from anywhere.

Both ArubaOS 8 and ArubaOS 10 share some common features, such as:

• Unifies wired and wireless management: Both operating systems provide unified wired and wireless access for customers who use Aruba switches and APs. Customers can use a single interface to manage their entire network infrastructure1 . References: 1 https://www.arubanetworks.com/resource/arubaos-8-fundamental-guide/ 2 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Instant_86_WebHelp/Content/instant-ug/iap-maintenance/cluster.htm 3 https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/dynamic-radius-proxy.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/networking/controllers/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/network-management-operations/arubaos/ https://blogs.arubanetworks.com/solutions/making-the-switch/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/products/network-management-operations/aruba-central/

Only: Daisy chain plus MAD and ring are the recommended VSF topologies for Aruba switches. They provide high availability and redundancy for the VSF stack. MAD (Multiple Active Detection) is a mechanism to detect and resolve split-brain scenarios in a VSF stack. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6790/GUID-D6EF042E-EEEF-49F7-B67E-4CAC41CCB24D.html

Bonding multiple 20MHz wide 802.11 channels is a technique to create a wider bandwidth channel that supports higher data rate transmissions. It can increase the throughput between the client and AP by using more spectrum resources and reducing interference. References:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9288995

The option that fulfills the requirements is to create individual SSIDs with unique PSK for each loT class, using 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band. This option provides the following benefits:

• Each loT class has a unique PSK that can be used to apply a different security policy as a role. This enhances the security and flexibility of the WLAN network.
• Individual SSIDs allow for better isolation and management of different loT classes. This improves the performance and scalability of the WLAN network.
• Using both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands allows for backward compatibility with loT devices that operate only with 802.11b, which uses the 2.4 GHz band1. It also allows for higher throughput and less interference for loT devices that support 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n, or 802.11ac, which use the 5 GHz band2.

The other options do not fulfill the requirements because:

• Single SSID with MPSK for each loT class using 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands: This option does not support loT devices that operate only with 802.11b, which uses the 2.4 GHz band1. It also does not optimize the performance of the WLAN network, as a single SSID may cause co-channel interference and congestion among different loT classes.
• Single SSID with MPSK for each loT class using 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands: This option does not optimize the performance of the WLAN network, as a single SSID may cause co-channel interference and congestion among different loT classes.
• Individual SSIDs with unique PSK for each loT class, using 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands: This option does not support loT devices that operate only with 802.11b, which uses the 2.4 GHz band1.

References: 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11b-1999  2 https://www.lifewire.com/wireless-standards-802-11a-802-11b-g-n-and-802-11ac-816553

The correct way to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN is to create an SVI Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) Switched Virtual Interface (SVI) is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN . SVIs are used to enable inter-VLAN routing , provide gateway addresses for hosts in VLANs , apply ACLs or QoS policies to VLANs , etc . SVIs have some advantages over physical routed interfaces such as saving interface ports , reducing cable costs , simplifying network design , etc . SVIs are usually numbered according to their VLAN IDs (e.g., vlan 10) and assigned IP addresses within the subnet of their VLANs . SVIs can be created and configured by using commands such as interface vlan , ip address , no shutdown , etc . SVIs can be verified by using commands such as show ip interface brief , show vlan , show ip route , etc . in the subnet on the 6300M stack. An SVI is a virtual interface on a switch that represents a VLAN and provides Layer 3 routing functions for that VLAN. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack allows the switch to act as a gateway for the users in that VLAN and enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack also simplifies network design and management by reducing the number of physical interfaces and cables required for routing.

The other options are not correct ways to configure the routable interface for the subnet to be associated with this VLAN because:

• Create a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating a physically routedinterface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would require using one physical port and cable per downstream switch, which would consume interface resources and increase cable costs. Creating a physically routed interface in the subnet on the 6300M stack for each downstream switch would also complicate network design and management by requiring separate routing configurations and policies for each interface.
• Create an SVl in the subnet on each downstream switch: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on each downstream switch would also create duplicate IP addresses in the same subnet, which would cause IP conflicts and routing errors.
• Create an SVl in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assign the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet: This option is incorrect because creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would not enable inter-VLAN routing between different subnets, as each downstream switch would still act as a gateway for its own VLAN only. Creating an SVI in the subnet on the 6300M stack, and assigning the management address of each downstream switch stack to a different IP address in the same subnet would also create unnecessary IP addresses in the same subnet, which would waste IP space and complicate network management.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/index.html https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/cx-noscg/l3-routing/l3-routing-overview.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.05/HTML/5200-7295/cx-noscg/l3-routing/l3-routing-config.htm

AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) is a framework that provides security services for network access control . AAA consists of three components:

• Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a user or device that wants to access the network based on credentials such as username and password , certificates , tokens , etc . Authentication can use different protocols such as PAP , CHAP , EAP , RADIUS , TACACS+ , etc .
• Authorization: The process of granting or denying access to network resources based on the identity and privileges of a user or device . Authorization can use different methods such as ACLs , RBAC , MAC , DAC , etc .
• Accounting: The process of recording and reporting the activities and usage of network resources by users or devices . Accounting can use different formats such as syslog , SNMP , NetFlow , etc .

service. Here is my answer:

The correct match for each AAA service with its definition is:

• Accounting: C. Tracking user activity on the network
• Authentication: D. Who can access the network based on credentials/certificates
• Authorization: B. Control users access on the network

The other options are not correct matches because:

• A list of rules that specifies which entities are permitted or denied access: This option is a definition of an access control list (ACL) Access Control List (ACL) Access Control List (ACL) is a list of rules that specifies which entities are permitted or denied access to a network resource such as a router , switch , firewall , server , etc . ACLs can be based on different criteria such as source and destination IP addresses , port numbers , protocol types , time of day , etc . ACLs can be applied to different interfaces or directions such as inbound or outbound . ACLs can be verified by using commands such as show access-lists , show ip access-lists , debug ip packet , etc . , not an AAA service.
• Who can access the network based on credentials/certificates: This option is a definition of authentication, not authorization. Authorization is the process of granting or denying access to network resources based on the identity and privileges of a user or device, not based on credentials/certificates.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAA_(computer_security) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/remote-authentication-dial-user-service-radius/13838-10.html

 LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol. LLDP is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on a local area network. is enabled by default on Aruba switches, but it can be disabled on a per-port basis using the no lldp command. To enable LLDP messages to be received by Switch 1 port 1/1/24, you need to enter the interface configuration mode for that port and use the lldp receive command. References:https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/lldp/lldp.htm

Aruba Central allows you to create device configuration groups that define common settings for devices within each group. You can create different types of groupsdepending on your network requirements and management preferences. Two types of groups that you can define in Aruba Central during group creation are:

• Template group: A template group allows you to create configuration templates using variables and expressions that can be applied to multiple devices or device groups. Template groups provide flexibility and scalability for managing large-scale deployments with similar configurations.
• Default group: A default group is automatically created when you add devices to Aruba Central for the first time. The default group contains basic configuration settings that are applied to all devices that are not assigned to any other group. You can modify or delete the default group as needed.

References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Central/latest/content/nms/device-groups.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Central/latest/content/nms/template-groups.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/Central/latest/content/nms/default-group.htm

a) Alerts on config changes via email - Foundation b) Group-based firmware compliance - Foundation c) Heat maps of deployed APs - Advanced d) Live upgrades of an AOS10 cluster - Advanced

According to the Aruba Central Licensing Guide1, the Foundation License provides basic device management features such as configuration, monitoring, alerts, reports, firmware management, etc. The Advanced License provides additional features such as AI insights, WLAN services, NetConductor Fabric, heat maps, live upgrades, etc.

https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/central/2.5.3/content/pdfs/licensing-guide.pdf

Layer: 1) Physical layer Phase of Message Processing: d) Organize the data into bits

Layer: 2) Data Link layer Phase of Message Processing: c) Organize the data into frames

Layer: 3) Network layer Phase of Message Processing: b) Organize the data into packets

Layer: 4) Transport layer Phase of Message Processing: a) Organize the data into segments

The OSI model divides the networking process into seven layers, each representing a different step of the transmission chain. Each layer has its own function and is responsible for well-defined tasks. User data passes sequentially from the highest layer down through the lower layers until the device transmits it externally. The lowest layer, the physical layer, converts the data into bits that can be sent over a physical medium. The second layer, the data link layer, organizes the bits into frames that can be transmitted over a link between two nodes. The third layer, the network layer, organizes the frames into packets that can be routed across a network of nodes. The fourth layer, the transport layer, organizes the packets into segments that can provide reliable and error-free communication between two end points12. References: 1 https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/introduction-to-osi-networking-model/  2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

The way that STP Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network by preventing redundant paths between switches or bridges from creating loops that cause broadcast storms, multiple frame transmission, and MAC table instability. STP creates a logical tree structure that spans all of the switches in an extended network and blocks any redundant links that are not part of the tree from forwarding data packets3. will forward or discard traffic on these ports is as follows:

• STP will elect a root bridge among the two switches based on their bridge IDs, which are composed of a priority value and a MAC address. The switch with the lower bridge ID will become the root bridge and will forward traffic on all its ports.
• STP will assign a role and a state to each port on both switches based on their port IDs, which are composed of a priority value and a port number. The port with the lower port ID will become the designated port and will forward traffic, while the port with the higher port ID will become the alternate port and will discard traffic.
• In this scenario, since both switches have two cables connected between ports 1/1/1 and 1/1/2, there will be two possible paths between them, creating a loop. To prevent this loop, STP will block one of these paths by discarding traffic on one of the ports on each switch.
• Assuming that both switches have the same priority value (default is 32768), the switch with the lower MAC address will have the lower bridge ID and will become the root bridge. The root bridge will forward traffic on both ports 1/1/1 and 1/1/2.
• Assuming that both ports have the same priority value (default is 128), port 1/1/1 will have a lower port ID than port 1/1/2 on both switches because it has a lower port number. Port 1/1/1 will become the designated port and will forward traffic, while port 1/1/2 will become the alternate port and will discard traffic.
• Therefore, the switch with the lower MAC address will discard traffic on one port (port 1/1/2), while the switch with the higher MAC address will also discard traffic on one port (port 1/1/2).

References: 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning_Tree_Protocol