H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Questions and Answers

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DoS (Denial-of-Service)→ A single attacker sends excessive traffic to a target.

DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service)→ Uses multiple compromised devices (zombies or botnets) to amplify the attack.

Why is this statement true?

DDoS attacks originate from multiple sources (botnets), unlike DoS attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS vs. DDoS Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SYN scanning is a stealthy technique used to identify open ports on a target system without fully establishing a TCP connection.

How SYN scanning works:

The scanner sends aSYN packetto the target port.

The target responds based on the port state:

SYN-ACK → Port is open(Correct - D).

RST → Port is closed(Correct - A).

No response → The host does not exist, or a firewall is blocking it(Correct - B).

The scanner doesnot send an ACK(unlike a full TCP connection). Instead, it sends anRSTto avoid detection.

Why is C incorrect?

In SYN scanning, the scanner does NOT send an ACK to complete thehandshake. Instead, it sends an RST to abort the connection.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SYN Scanning Techniques

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus functions as multiple authentication servers, including:

Portal Server→ For web-based authentication.

RADIUS Server→ For centralized authentication and policy enforcement.

HWTACACS Server→ For administrative command authorization.

Why is B correct?

iMaster NCE-Campus cannot function as an Active Directory (AD) server.It can integrate with an external AD server but does not replace it.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Threshold settings in firewalls allow administrators to define:

Alarm threshold→ When exceeded, logs are generated.

Block threshold→ When exceeded, the action is blocked.

Why is B false?

The alarm threshold does not block traffic; it only generates logs.

Only the block threshold enforces blocking actions.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → HTTP Traffic Control

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Windows system hardening improves security by reducing attack surfaces.

Recommended security measures include:

A. Periodically checking account permissions→ Prevents unauthorized access.

B. Canceling default sharing→ Reduces exposure to remote attacks.

C. Restricting the number of users→ Limits access to essential personnel.

Why is D incorrect?

Changing the default TTL value does not directly enhance system security.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Windows Hardening Best Practices

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls enforce security policies based on rules defined by the administrator.

Data filtering rules must be explicitly referenced in security policies to take effect.

Why is this statement true?

If a filtering rule exists but is not linked to a security policy, it will not apply to network traffic.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Data Filtering Policy Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Inbound bandwidth= Trafficenteringthe firewall.

Outbound bandwidth= Trafficleavingthe firewall.

Correct answers:B. Public → Private traffic is controlled by inbound bandwidth.D. Private → Public traffic is controlled by outbound bandwidth.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall Virtual System Bandwidth Control

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

ATIC (Advanced Threat Intelligence Center) systemconsists of:

SecoManager (Management Center)→ Manages security policies.

Detection devices→ Analyze traffic for threats.

Cleaning devices→ Mitigate attacks.

Why is B false?

ATIC architecture does not include a "collector and controller" structure.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → ATIC System Architecture

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

GRE over IPsecis used totunnel non-IP traffic, multicast, and dynamic routing protocolsover IPsec VPN.

Tunnel mode is requiredbecause:

Transport mode only encrypts the payload, but GRE needs the entireoriginal IP packet encrypted.

Tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet(original + GRE headers), ensuring full encapsulation.

Why is this statement true?

GRE over IPsec must use tunnel modeto fully encapsulate and protect packets.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate applicationto trick users into installing it.

Transmission methods:

A. Exploiting vulnerabilities→ Attackers use system/software vulnerabilities to inject Trojans.

B. Bundled in software→ Trojans are included in cracked software or pirated applications.

C. Downloaded from third-party sites→ Users unknowingly install malware from untrusted sources.

D. Masquerading as useful software→ Fake tools trick users into installation.

Why are all options correct?

All listed methods are common ways Trojans spread.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Malware & Trojan Horse Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Web rewriting in web proxy modifies web page contentforsecurity and access control.

Issues with web rewriting include:

A is true→ Server addresses can be hidden.

B is true→ Images may be misaligned due to rewriting.

C is true→ Fonts may be incomplete.

D is false→Web rewriting does not require Internet Explorer controls.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Web Proxy and Web Rewriting

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Nginx logs store detailed HTTP request information, including:

RequestedURLs

ClientIP addresses

Query parameters(which may contain SQL injection attempts)

SQL injection detection using logs:

SuspiciousSQL keywordsin GET/POST requests (e.g., ' OR 1=1 -- or UNION SELECT).

Repeated attack attemptsfrom a single source IP.

Why is this statement true?

Nginx logs provide full request details, enabling engineers to detect SQL injection attempts.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Web Attack Detection & Log Analysis

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IPsec does not support non-IP traffic (e.g., multicast, routing protocols, or legacy protocols like IPX).

GRE over IPsec allows encapsulation of:

A. IPX→ Legacy protocol supported via GRE.

B. VRRP→ Uses multicast, which GRE supports.

C. IPv6→ GRE tunnels can carry IPv6 over IPv4.

D. OSPF→ Uses multicast (224.0.0.5 & 224.0.0.6), requiring GRE.

Why are all options correct?

GRE over IPsec is required for non-unicast and legacy protocols.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Deployment