CWISA-102 Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator Questions and Answers

• Decibel (dB): A logarithmic unit expressing ratios of power or signal strength. It's used in RF contexts due to the wide range of signal levels encountered.
• Examples:

References

• Decibel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

• IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
• Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

References

• IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/
• OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

• Primary Concern: Safety: Building codes and safety regulations are there to prevent injury and accidents. This includes potential harm from improper equipment installation (falling objects, electrical hazards, etc.).
• Legal and Ethical Responsibility: Organizations have an obligation to provide a safe workplace for employees and protect the well-being of end-users.
• Insurance Considerations: While complying with codes may impact insurance rates, this shouldn't be the primary motivation, as safety itself is paramount.

References:

• Occupational Safety and Health (e.g., OSHA in the US): Websites of regulatory bodies outlining guidelines for safe equipment installation in various settings.
• Electrical Codes (e.g., National Electrical Code): Standards that address safe practices to prevent fire and shock hazards.

• Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.
• Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:

• Automation for Consistency: Scripts eliminate the potential for human error during repetitive configuration tasks on multiple devices. This ensures uniformity across the wireless solution.
• Speed and Efficiency: Scripts can be much faster than manual configuration, particularly in large deployments.
• Other Benefits: While scripts might aid signal strength (e.g., optimizing settings) or enhance solution capabilities, their core value in configuration is reducing errors.

References:

• Network Automation: Benefits of using scripts for configuration management.
• Configuration Management Best Practices: Emphasize the importance of consistency and repeatability.

• Overlay vs. Integrated Monitoring:
• Overlay Advantage: Since the overlay system is separate, it doesn't add overhead or complexity to the core network, avoiding potential disruption of wireless services.

• Capacity Planning: The number of devices a wireless network can support is the primary determinant of its required capacity. This is because:

• Requirements Drive Decisions: The decision between wired or wireless must align with the solution's overall purpose, performance targets, and operational constraints.
• Key Considerations:
• Other Factors are Important, But Secondary: Distance, PoE availability, specific applications all matter, but they are assessed within the context of the overarching business needs.

References:

• Wireless vs. Wired Network Design: Comparisons of pros and cons, highlighting how use cases guide the choice.
• IoT Solution Planning: Materials on defining requirements before selecting technology.

• IP Ratings & Manufacturing: IP66 provides:
• Harsh Manufacturing Environments: IP66 is common due to dust, dirt, and potential exposure to liquids during cleaning or spills.

References

• IP Ratings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Code

• Wi-Fi and Zigbee Interference: Both can operate in the 2.4 GHz band, leading to potential interference that degrades performance for both networks.
• 5 GHz Advantages:

• XAML and .NET: XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) is primarily used within the .NET framework for defining user interfaces. Specifically, technologies like:
• XAML in Other Frameworks: While some limited adaptation exists, its core use is tightly coupled with .NET technologies.

References:

• XAML Overview (Microsoft Docs): Introductions to XAML emphasizing its use in .NET applications.
• WPF Documentation: Tutorials and references specifically mentioning XAML's role in Windows desktop development.

• Most Vulnerable In Transit: Sensitive data (passwords, health information, etc.) is most susceptible to interception while being sent over a wireless network. Encryption is crucial at this stage.
• Encryption at Rest and in Memory: While also important, these are often handled with different cryptographic techniques depending on the system.

References:

• Wireless Security Protocols: Details on encryption standards like WPA2/WPA3, TLS that focus on protecting data during transmission.

• IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:
• Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.

References

• IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things
• Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.

• LoRa Modulation: LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary wireless technology that utilizes Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation.
• CSS Characteristics:

References

• LoRa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoRa
• Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum

• PHP's Cross-Platform Nature: PHP originated for server-side web development, but also has a command-line interface (CLI) enabling its use for scripts and automation tasks.
• Other Options:

References:

• PHP (Introduction): Overviews mentioning its dual role in server-side web applications and as a general-purpose scripting language.
• PHP CLI: Documentation on the command-line interface for PHP.

• Security by Design: Security should be a fundamental consideration from the initial planning stages of any wireless implementation. This ensures:

• Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.
• Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.
• Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.

References:

• IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.