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BA1 Fundamentals of Business Economics Questions and Answers

Questions 4

Bishops Financial Services has outsourced its HR Department to Resources4U.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered when deciding to outsource parts of the business to another company?

Options:

A.

Resources4U's lack of business history

B.

The cost of increasing the number of staff on the payroll

C.

The small size of Bishops Financial Services as a business

D.

The possibility of contract renegotiation at a future date

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Questions 5

The share price of Quench Drinks has been steadily falling for several years despite steady sales and a slight market share increase over the last 5 years. They have been criticised for being full of sugar and not

capitalising on the health food trend.

Quench are starting to face pressure from their shareholders to push the share price back up.

Which of the following would be most likely to improve Quench's standing in the soft drinks market?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

Release a new protein shake, QuenchFit

B.

Publishing an advert in a major magazine promoting QuenchFit and the benefits of healthy living

C.

Relocate the company to a country with less strict public health guidelines

D.

Continue as normal

E.

Appoint a new CEO

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Questions 6

Company X is a wholesaler. It sells the majority of its products in bulk to a small number of restaurants and cafes in the local area.

Which of the following will Company X experience in light of this?

Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

A reduction in distribution costs as a result of economies of scale

B.

A reduction in the number of staff needed to perform certain roles within the company

C.

The company will not be able to buy in bulk at a discount in the future

D.

The company will not be able to maximise efficiency due to rapid business growth

E.

It will not experience the benefits of economies of scale

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Questions 7

The Lingford Miracle Association is a registered charity. It is closely associated with Lingford General Hospital. The charity has a number of goals.

Which of the following could potentially be goals set out by the Lingford Miracle Association given the information about the organisation that has been outlined?

Options:

A.

To provide care for those who are terminally ill

B.

To maintain a reasonable profit which can then be given as dividends to shareholders

C.

To use the funding provided by government to further the primary cause of the organisation

D.

To offer bonuses to the managing director of the organisation when a certain number of sales is reached in a year

E.

To encourage members of the public to invest in the organisation through buying shares

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Questions 8

The economy of Country V is initially in equilibrium at a level of national income and employment denoted by Y, at price level denoted by P If there is an increase in aggregate demand, indicate on the graph below the new equilibrium point in the economy.

BA1 Question 8

Options:

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Questions 9

Which of the following is correct in relation to businesses.

In order to maximise shareholder wealth, the primary objective of a business can be reflected in

(1) higher investment

(2) higher sales revenue

(3) higher share prices

(4) higher dividend payments.

Options:

A.

(1)and(3)

B.

(3) and (4)

C.

(1)and(2)

D.

(2) and (4)

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Questions 10

Brian has 80 bonds with a total market value of £2400. The interest rate on these bonds is 2.34%.

Using these figures, which of the following is the running yield of each of Brian's bonds?

Options:

A.

8.87%

B.

8.86%

C.

8.9%

D.

8.83%

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Questions 11

All of the following are appropriate policies to deal with the problem of industries which cause pollution except which one?

Options:

A.

Taxes on the consumption of the product

B.

Subsidies to the producers

C.

The auctioning of pollution permits

D.

Legal controls to limit pollution levels

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Questions 12

A promoter has arranged a large outdoor concert. All the costs are fixed and there are no variable costs associated with the number of spectators attending.

Which of the following statements about the profit maximizing price is FALSE?

Options:

A.

It is the price at which Marginal Revenue is zero

B.

At this price, the price elasticity of demand will be unity (i.e. equal to 1)

C.

This price will ensure the promoter covers the cost of the concert

D.

This is the price which maximizes the revenue the promoter earns from the concert

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Questions 13

Which of the following statements about government debt is false?

Options:

A.

It is exclusively traded by the Central Bank

B.

Individuals can buy it from stock brokers

C.

Notes and coins in circulation make up a very small part of government debt

D.

It can be issued by Local as well as Central government

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Questions 14

Which of the functions of a financial intermediary is described by the following statement 'Invests across a wide range of assets to reduce the loss of capital value if a particular borrower defaults'?

Options:

A.

Aggregation

B.

Risk management

C.

Maturity transformation

D.

Introducing borrows and lenders

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Questions 15

A government may try to reduce a balance of payments deficit on current account by using either expenditure-reducing policies or expenditure-switching policies.

Which of the following is an expenditure-reducing policy?

Options:

A.

Devaluation of the exchange rate

B.

Imposing tariffs and quotas on imports

C.

Export subsidies

D.

Higher income tax rates

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Questions 16

Central banks inspect and sometimes set minimum limits on the reserves held by commercial banks. Which ONE of the following statements is NOT a reason that central banks seek to influence the reserves of commercial banks?

Options:

A.

To influence commercial banks' ability to create credit

B.

To avoid the commercial banks running out of liquidity

C.

To regulate the profits of commercial banks

D.

To prevent the collapse of the banking system

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Questions 17

When central banks adopt a policy of 'quantitative easing' this means that they:

Options:

A.

Lift quantitative restrictions on bank lending

B.

Lower the capital adequacy requirements for banks

C.

Buy government bonds from the banks

D.

Ease the liquidity ratios banks need to hold

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Questions 18

Identify in the following list the statement that does not describe a function of a financial intermediary:

Options:

A.

Aggregation of funds

B.

Maturity transformation

C.

Risk transformation

D.

Transfer payments

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Questions 19

Which of the following functions is not performed by investment exchanges such as NASDAQ, the London Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange?

Options:

A.

A primary market for newly issued private securities

B.

A secondary market to make existing shares liquid

C.

A provider of regulation over assets and trading methods

D.

A lender of last resort to the banking system

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Questions 20

The management of Pennyfarthing's Toy Bazaar requires financial advice, but is unsure of which type of bank to approach to acquire this. The company receives a profit of £1,000,000 a year, and currently operates in

Europe and North America.

Which of the following reasons explains why Pennyfarthings Toy Bazaar should use a wholesale bank?

Options:

A.

It has a profit of £100,000

B.

It has international operations

C.

It uses the Alternative Investment Market

D.

It has issued new shares to members of the public

E.

It is a medium-sized business

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Questions 21

The burden of an indirect tax on a good will fall most heavily on the producer when

Options:

A.

the demand for the good is price inelastic and the supply is price inelastic

B.

the demand for the good is price inelastic and the supply is price elastic

C.

the demand for the good is price elastic and the supply is price inelastic

D.

the demand for the good is price elastic and the supply is price elastic

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Questions 22

Which of the following might justify a policy of privatization by the government?

(i). Privatization inevitably reduces monopoly power and exploitation in the economy

(ii). Privatization may be expected to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy

(iii). Revenue raised from privatization can reduce the public sector borrowing requirement

(iv). Privatization helps to promote an enterprise culture amongst the population

Options:

A.

(i) and (ii) only

B.

(ii) and (iii) only

C.

(iii) and (iv) only

D.

(ii), (iii) and (iv) only

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Questions 23

All of the following are examples of not-for-profit organizations except one. Which ONE is the exception?

Options:

A.

Mutual savings societies

B.

Charities

C.

Partnerships

D.

Trade Unions

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Questions 24

Following a 10% reduction in the value of its currency, the volume of imports into the country falls by 10%, whilst the volume of exports rises by 15%.

Which of the following effects will occur?

Options:

A.

Balance of payments will improve

B.

Balance of payments will deteriorate

C.

Terms of trade will improve

D.

The central bank will be forced to borrow more foreign exchange to cover the shortfall

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Questions 25

The company flowbo Ltd. currently owns 25 bonds with a total nominal value of £1,000. The bill rate is currently 7%. The market value of the bonds is currently 14.5% higher than the nominal value of each individual bond

plus the bill rate.

Which of these is the difference between the nominal value of the bonds plus the bill rate payout and the market value of each bond?

Express your answer in whole pounds.

Options:

A.

£1,021

B.

£1,070

C.

£1,225.15

D.

£1,155.12

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Questions 26

Which of the following are reasons why the principal-agent problem is so critical for businesses? Select ALL that apply.

Options:

A.

It limits the control of one layer of management over another

B.

It can lead to dubious managerial practices within the company

C.

It leads to higher profits which ultimately benefit a business

D.

Higher sales means the business will perform well regardless of managerial practice

E.

Co-ordination needs to be good in order for multiple layers of management to function well

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Questions 27

Vencia has recently been faced with international condemnation due to its tendency to engage in 'dirty floating'. This is combined with high interest rates as well as underdeveloped industries.

What would likely be the result of these conditions on Vencia's trade?

Options:

A.

A lack of investment from businesses in the long-term

B.

Some investment in the short-term due to high interest rates

C.

Other countries responding to Vencia's 'dirty floating' in a protectionist manner

D.

The Bank of Vencia buying treasury bonds to loosen its monetary policy

E.

The government of Vencia increasing its VAT and basic rate of income tax further

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Questions 28

Which of the following provide possible explanations for the existence of a structure of interest rates?

(i). Borrowers having different risk profiles

(ii). Lenders wishing to lend for different time profiles

(iii). The market for loanable funds being perfectly competitive

(iv). The existence of margins between borrowing and lending rates

Options:

A.

(i) and (iv) only

B.

(ii) and (iii) only

C.

(i), (ii) and (iv) only

D.

(i), (ii) and (iii) only

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Questions 29

The distinguishing feature of a transnational (multinational) company is that

Options:

A.

it exports its products to more than one country.

B.

its production process uses inputs from more than one country.

C.

it has production facilities in more than one country.

D.

it has shareholders in more than one country.

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Questions 30

If in a boom a government adopted a contractionary (restrictive) monetary policy, a typical business would expect to experience:

i. Higher interest payments on its bank borrowing.

ii. Falling credit based sales.

iii. Higher income and corporate taxes.

iv. Lower sales to government agencies.

v. Difficulties in securing working capital

vi. Higher prices for imported components.

Options:

A.

(i), (ii) and (vi) only

B.

(i), (ii) and (v) only

C.

(ii), (iii) and (iv) only

D.

(i), (iii) and (iv) only

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Questions 31

A business is contemplating investing in a new project with a lifespan of three years and a capital cost of $100,000. The expected net cash flows from the project are as follows:

Year 1 $35,000

Year 2 $50,000

Year 3 $40,000

The cost of capital to the business is 10%

The net present value of the project is: $

Options:

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Questions 32

An important distinction between a free trade area and a customs union is that

Options:

A.

Only a customs union erects a common external tariff

B.

Only a free trade area allows free internal trade in services as well in goods

C.

Only a customs union is an example of a multilateral trading agreement

D.

Only a free trade area involves common economic policies

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Questions 33

Which ONE of the following increases the price of the shares in ABC plc?

Options:

A.

A fall in interest rates

B.

Falling demand for some of ABC's key products

C.

Constant ROCE at ABC plc

D.

News of better economic outlook in ABC's home country

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Questions 34

When the economy is in recession, which of the following is least likely to reduce unemployment?

Options:

A.

An expansionary fiscal policy

B.

The central bank cutting interest rates

C.

Retraining schemes for redundant workers

D.

A regulation extending employment rights for newly-hired workers

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Questions 35

A business would benefit most from an appreciation in the currency of the country in which it is based if:

Options:

A.

it exports to other countries a significant proportion of its output

B.

it imports a high proportion of the raw materials and components it uses

C.

in its domestic market it faces competition from imports

D.

its production costs are largely domestic labor costs

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Questions 36

Which one of the following policies to correct a balance of payments current account deficit is an example of an expenditure reducing policy?

Options:

A.

Depreciation of the currency.

B.

The imposition of an import tax.

C.

Increased income tax.

D.

The use of import quotas.

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Questions 37

A business has fixed costs of $200. Its total variable costs at different levels of output are as follows:

The business can always sell its output at a price of $100 per unit

The profit maximizing level of output is

Options:

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Questions 38

Which of the following will be characteristics of the stakeholders most able to influence the management of an organization?

Options:

A.

High power, low interest

B.

High power, high interest

C.

Low power, high interest

D.

Low power, low interest

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Questions 39

Which ONE of the following should NOT be classed as an agent of a firm's shareholder?

Options:

A.

A non-executive director

B.

An executive director

C.

The chair of the company

D.

The firm's banker

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Questions 40

Which of the following statements about supply-side economics is correct?

Options:

A.

Supply-side policies are part of aggregate demand management policies.

B.

Fiscal policy cannot be used as a part of supply-side policy

C.

Supply-side economists always reject the use of policy to expand demand

D.

Supply-side policies are used to improve the economy's efficiency and competitiveness

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Questions 41

Which of the following best describes a project that has a negative Net Present Value?

Options:

A.

A loss making project

B.

A project that doesn't make enough profit to pay the interest on the money borrowed to invest in it

C.

A project that doesn't make sufficient returns to fully compensate investors for the funds they invest in it

D.

A project that will only start making profits after the present year has finished

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Questions 42

In a recession which ONE of the following would be likely to experience the largest fall in demand for its products?

Options:

A.

A manufacturer of industrial machine tools

B.

A chain of supermarket grocery stores

C.

A motor insurance company

D.

A toothpaste manufacturer

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Questions 43

Production of a good is in the public interest if

Options:

A.

Social benefits are greater than social costs

B.

Private benefits equal private costs

C.

External benefits equal external costs

D.

Social costs are greater than private costs

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Questions 44

If a government, on grounds of economic efficiency, were to levy a tax on an industry because of the pollution caused by production in the industry, the tax should be equal to

Options:

A.

the amount required to eliminate consumer demand for the product

B.

the excess profits earned by the industry

C.

the costs of clearing up previous pollution caused

D.

the difference between the private and social costs of production

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Questions 45

Why do monopoly market structures charge higher prices than would be charged by more competitive market structures?

Options:

A.

They are more likely to suffer from diseconomies of scale

B.

They must recover their higher research and development expenditures

C.

They can increase profits by reducing output to force prices higher

D.

They have barriers to entry that stop customers going to new markets

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Questions 46

A firm will maximize profits by producing at that level of output where

Options:

A.

average total cost is at a minimum

B.

average revenue is at a maximum

C.

the difference between total costs and total revenue is greatest

D.

the difference between average revenue and average variable cost is greatest

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Questions 47

Which ONE of the following would make the market supply of a product price elastic?

Options:

A.

Suppliers are unable to store unsold product

B.

Firms can join the industry easily

C.

Demand is price elastic

D.

There is a shortage of resources to make the product

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Questions 48

Which of the following statements about public goods is correct?

Options:

A.

Public goods are defined as those goods provided by the state

B.

Public goods are examples of free goods

C.

Public goods are characterized by the free-rider problem

D.

The problem of scarcity does not affect the provision of public goods

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Questions 49

The market demand for a good has a price elasticity of demand of 0.4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

A.

Consumer expenditure will fall as price rises

B.

Producers' incomes will rise as price falls

C.

It is a product with many close substitutes

D.

Total quantity sold will fall as price rises

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Questions 50

A market for a normal good is in equilibrium. What will happen in this market if there was an increase in consumer incomes?

Options:

A.

The demand curve would shift to the right, the equilibrium price would rise and there would be an increase in supply

B.

The demand curve would shift to the left, the equilibrium price would fall and there would be a contraction in supply

C.

The demand curve would shift to the right, the equilibrium price would rise and there would be an extension in supply

D.

The demand curve would shift to the left, the price would fall and there would be a decrease in supply

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Questions 51

In the long run a firm may find its average cost of production rising because

Options:

A.

of the operation of diminishing returns to a fixed factor

B.

of the effect of diseconomies of scale

C.

over time the price of purchased inputs rises

D.

in the long run all costs are variable costs

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Questions 52

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of an agent as defined in principal-agent theory?

Options:

A.

An employee of the organization

B.

An owner of the organization

C.

One who is paid by the owners of the organization

D.

One who is responsible for ensuring the organization pursues the interests of its owners

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Questions 53

A profit-maximizing firm will cut the product's price to increase profits if

Options:

A.

Demand is elastic

B.

Unit costs fall

C.

The demand curve shifts rightwards

D.

Marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost

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Questions 54

Firms may suffer from X-inefficiency because of organizational slack. All of the following would lead to organizational slack except which one?

Options:

A.

Uncertainty about future demand

B.

Managers become more cautious

C.

A complex organizational structure in the firm

D.

The number of rival firms increases

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Questions 55

All of the following factors contribute to the instability of agricultural prices except which ONE?

Options:

A.

Agricultural products have low price elasticities of supply

B.

Output is affected by non-controllable factors such as climate

C.

Supply decisions are based on the prices of the present time period

D.

Markets have a low price elasticity of demand

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Questions 56

Which ONE of the following statements best describes the impact of a government minimum price established above free market price?

Options:

A.

It will create a shortage of the product and incentives for producers and consumers to evade the policy

B.

It will create a surplus of unsold produce and reduce farm incomes

C.

It will not affect market price or producer incomes at the present time

D.

It will increase farm incomes but may eventually force the government to introduce maximum quotas on production

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Questions 57

Which TWO of the following are positive impacts for a national economy which hosts a multinational company's (MNC) production facilities within their country"?

Options:

A.

Mobile MNCs mean that operations can easily be transferred from one economy to another.

B.

MNCs provide employment opportunities in other countries for skilled workers from the host country.

C.

Local producers can copy superior processes from the MNC which raises productivity within the recipient economy.

D.

Direct financial investment should improve economic welfare as capital is transferred to economies where the marginal rate of return on capital is highest

E.

MNCs can use transfer pricing to ensure taxes are minimised within a recipient economy.

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Questions 58

Which of the following are the likely consequences, in the domestic of a county, of an increase in interest rates?

1. A rise in demand for capital goods

2. A fall in demand for consumer good.

3. A fall in demand for housing

4. A rise in the exchange rate.

Options:

A.

2,3 and 4

B.

1, 3 and 4

C.

1, 2 and 4

D.

1, 2 and 3

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Questions 59

Which of the following organisational arrangements is an example of a multinational corporation (MNC)?

Options:

A.

An insurance company based in Country E opens a sales office in Country F in order to service the local market

B.

A music production company based in Country C signs a contract with an artist's management company based in Country D.

C.

A retailer based in Country G uses an online retail platform in order to sell goods to customers in Country H.

D.

A chain of restaurants based in Country B signs a franchise agreement with a company that intends to open restaurants in Country A.

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Questions 60

Which of the following describes the slope of a normal supply curve?

Options:

A.

Upwards from right to left.

B.

Upwards from left to right.

C.

Downwards from left to right.

D.

Downwards from right to left.

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Questions 61

Organisations are able to achieve more than individuals can achieve because they allow people to do which THREE of the following?

Options:

A.

To devolve decision-making

B.

To pool resources

C.

To share skills and knowledge

D.

To specialise

E.

To earn profits

F.

To create hierarchies

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Questions 62

A business sells soft drinks at S3 a bottle and its current sales are 20,000 bottles per month. The price elasticity of demand for this product is -2 If the price is reduced to $2 70, the change in the total revenue for the business will be:

Options:

A.

-S3,300

B.

+54.800

C.

-SI 6.800

D.

+S4.000

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Questions 63

Which of the following is NOT a possible objective of a charity?

Options:

A.

To fulfil its institutional mission in a cost-effective manner

B.

To provide services to its users

C.

To pay dividends to its shareholders

D.

To provide advice and guidance to its clients

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Questions 64

A company currently sells 10,000 bottles of "bright pink" nail varnish every year at $5 per bottle If the price is reduced to $4.50 per bottle it is expected that the company will sell an extra 2,000 bottles

What is the price elasticity of demand of the nail varnish?

Options:

A.

-2.0

B.

+2.0

C.

-0.5

D.

+0.5

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Questions 65

Company A uses the trend equation, y = a + bt, to forecast sales, where y are sales and t are time periods measured in units At time period zero, sales were $865,000 In period 5. sales have increased to $1.245.000 Calculate coefficient b (without any decimal points):

Options:

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Questions 66

Which of the following is also known as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?

Options:

A.

The European Central Bank

B.

The World Trade Organisation

C.

The International Monetary Fund

D.

The World Bank

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Questions 67

A business has a short-term problem with its payments exceeding its receipts. Which TWO of the following would be appropriate for meeting this financial shortfall?

Options:

A.

A bank overdraft

B.

A bill of exchange

C.

A mortgage

D.

Issuing shares

E.

A leasing arrangement

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Questions 68

A binding financial contract that can be used to hedge exchange rate risks by fixing the rate of exchange at a fixed date, and can be traded in financial markets, is known as:

Options:

A.

an option

B.

a managed floating system

C.

a future

D.

a forward exchange contract

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Questions 69

If country A imposes a quota on imports from country B, what is the direct effect of the quota?

Options:

A.

The price of imports into country A will rise

B.

The price of imports into country A will fall

C.

The quantity of imports into country A will fall

D.

The quantity of imports into country A will rise

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Questions 70

A client agrees to invest S100,000 three years from now in a business project, and decides to deposit funds today in a bank account that pays 6 percent compound interest annually.

How much does the client need to deposit in order to be able invest $100,000 in three years time?

Options:

A.

$82,000

B.

$83,961.93

C.

$119101.6

D.

$83,748.43

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Exam Code: BA1
Exam Name: Fundamentals of Business Economics
Last Update: Nov 17, 2024
Questions: 468

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