4A0-100 Nokia Scalable IP Networks Questions and Answers

100.1.1.0/25

100.1.1.0/26

100.1.1.0/27

100.1.1.0/28

Private

Global

Read-only

Exclusive

Main

Security

Syslog

Debug

Routers periodically send a copy of their table to their neighbors.

Routers send triggered updates to the entire network.

Routers know the entire network topology.

Routers use Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate the optimum paths.

Router R1

Router R2

Router R3

Router R4

There is no broadcast address on the network.

The address is only used as a loopback address.

This specifies a single host address.

The address is only used for router IDs.

R3 discards the LSA received from R2 and sends a copy of the LSA from its link state base to R2.

R3 installs the LSA received from R2 in its link state database and floods a copy to its neighbors.

R3 discards the LSA received from R2 and sends an ACK to R2.

R3 installs the LSA received from R2 in its link state database, sends an ACK to R2, and floods a copy to its neighbors.

BGP

RIPv2

OSPF

IS-IS

IP-filters may be applied on interface ingress, egress, or both.

Multiple IP-filters can be applied in each direction.

An IP-filter may only be applied to a single interface if the scope is set to template.

An IP-filter may have multiple match criteria per entry.

The default-action of an IP-filter is always drop.

The Internet is a global and distributed network.

The Internet is a network owned by Tier 1 service providers.

The Internet is an open network of networks.

The Internet is a network that is advertised across the globe.

Routers periodically send a copy of their routing table to their neighbors.

Routers flood link information throughout the entire area.

Network converges quickly (within several seconds) after a topology change.

Routers do not have precise knowledge of the entire network topology.

Source port.

MTU.

Sequence number.

Acknowledgement number.

Window size.

R7 silently discards the LSA received from R8.

R7 installs the LSA received from R8 in its link state database and floods a copy to its neighbors.

R7 discards the LSA received from R8 and sends an ACK to R8.

R7 installs the LSA received from R8 in its link state database, sends an ACK to R8 and floods a copy to its neighbors.

VLANs can group ports on multiple switches into unified broadcast domains

VLANs allow multiple Ethernet switches to be connected in a single collision domain

VLANs can separate ports on the same switch into different broadcast domains

VLANs can group ports on the same switch into different collision domains

1

2

7

10

You cannot have overlapping IP addresses. The service provider must ensure that its customers are all using discrete IP address space.

Each VPRN service maintains a separate VPN routing and forwarding instance to separate customer routing information.

A VPRN will ignore IP addressing information and use MAC addressing instead which are always unique.

A VPRN will translate customer IP addresses to a private addressing scheme administered by the service provider.

TCP port 179.

UDP port 179.

TCP port 22.

UDP port 22.

VPWS is a point-to-multipoint service.

VPWS requires MAC learning in order to forward frames to the correct destination

A Spanning Tree Protocol must be enabled when deploying a VPWS.

VPWS treats multicast traffic similar to unicast traffic.

Virtual Private Wire Service

Virtual Private LAN Service

Virtual Private Routed Networks

Virtual Private Dark Fibre Service

At the edge of the provider's network facing the customer.

At the edge of the customer's network facing the provider.

In the core of the provider's network.

On the customer premises.

A PE router only connects to CE devices.

A PE router only connects to P routers.

A PE router connects to at least one P router.

A PE router connects to at least one CE device.

PE routers support many different interface types connecting to CE devices.

PE routers only support Ethernet interfaces connecting to the CE.

R3 discards the LSA received from R1 and sends a copy of the LSA from its link state base to R1.

R3 installs the LSA received from R1 in its link state database and floods a copy to its neighbors.

R3 discards the LSA received from R1 and sends an ACK to R1.

R3 installs the LSA received from R1 in its link state database, sends an ACK to R1 and floods a copy to its neighbors.

config router static-route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.2.3.2

config router static-route 10.2.3.1 next-hop 192.168.2.0

config router static-route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.2.3.1

config router static-route 10.2.3.2 next-hop 192.168.2.0

A routing entry, included in the RIB by default, that forwards packets with an unknown destination to the CPM for inspection.

A manual entry used when the destination address of a network is not specifically listed in the routing table.

A manual entry that matches a specific /32 host address using the least cost to the destination.

A default entry in the FIB used when forwarding multicast and broadcast packets.

Responds in real time to network failures.

Can only be used for routing within an autonomous system.

Uses a hop-count metric to determine the best route to a network.

Explicitly defines the next-hop based on operator input.

config router static-route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.2.3.2

config router static-route 0.0.0.0 next-hop 10.2.3.2

config router static-route 10.2.3.2 next-hop 0.0.0.0/0

config router default-route 10.2.3.2

config router static-route 0.0.0.0 next-hop 192.168.2.0

Classful IP addressing provides hierarchy based on variable subnet masks.

Classless IP addresses provide hierarchy based on a variable length subnet mask.

Classless IP addresses provide hierarchy based on fixed subnet masks of /24. /16 and/8.

IP addresses provide hierarchy based on the country code and regional identifier.

VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service

VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service.

VPRN Virtual Private Routed Networks.

MLPPP Multi-link Point-to-Point protocol

VPDFS Virtual Private Dark Fiber Service.

Ethernet.

Token-Ring.

SONET/SDH.

E1 carrier.

PPP

Provides an unreliable, connectionless data transmission service.

Provides a mechanism for flow control.

Verifies the integrity of all received datagrams.

Provides services equivalent to the OSI data link layer.

It indicates the preferred egress interface.

It differentiates between multiple routes to a destination learned by the same protocol.

It differentiates between multiple routes to a destination learned by different routing protocols.

It is used to differentiate local routes from remote routes.

172.16.224.255/18

255.255.255.255/32

224.1.2.1/8

192.168.24.59/30

10 Mb/s Ethernet.

100 Mb/s Ethernet.

1000 Mb/s Ethernet .

There are copper and optical versions possible for all of these Ethernet data rates.

STS-1 with a bit rate of 1.544 Mbit/s

STS-1 with a bit rate of 2.048 Mbit/s

STS-1 with a bit rate of 51.84 Mbit/s

STS-1 with a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s

The primary purpose of TCP is to provide reliable communications between application services.

The primary purpose of TCP is to provide unreliable communications between application services

The primary purpose of TCP is to provide IP routing between application services.

The primary purpose of TCP is to define the correct format for the application layer such as JPEG or HTML.

POS

IP

ATM

Frame Relay

Ethernet

INWG

ALOHANET

IETF

NSFNET

Used by IP to map an unknown IP address to the known hardware address of the distant host.

Adds only an IP address entry for an unknown device on the same subnet.

Transmits ICMP messages to multiple hosts with unknown IP addresses.

Resolves the MAC address of a host device given its IP address.

AAL0

AAL1

AAL2

AAL3/4

AAL5

208.40.224.0 208.40.224.255

208.40.4.0 208.40.4.255

208.40.224.16 208.40.224.31

208.40.224.48 208.40.224.63

208.40.227.0 - 208.40.224.255

Resolves a Mac address given a specific IP address.

Allows a single public IP address to represent multiple private IP addresses simultaneously.

Maps a private address to a well known port number.

Provides a one to one mapping from a private to a public address.

Echo Request.

Destination Unreachable.

Router redirect.

Echo Reply.

The host will retransmit the frame if it detects a collision during transmission.

The host is able to detect the transmission speed of the Ethernet switch port to which the host is connected.

The host will only transmit data when it detects that no other devices are transmitting.

The host will only transmit upon a timer expiry.

The host will only transmit when it receives the token.

An application and session layer.

A network layer that provides a universal and consistent forwarding service.

A transport layer with two protocols.

An applications services layer with similar layering and service definitions.

The Data Link Layer is responsible for encapsulating the packet into a frame for transmission on the transmission media.

The Data Link Layer is responsible for encapsulating the packet into an IP header and routing the packet.

The Data Link Layer is responsible for formatting the packet for applications such as JPEG format.

The Data Link Layer is responsible for timing of the signals on the transmission media

17.23.119.63

87.99.12.159

95.11.22.93

192.11.25.87

Checksum

SYN

Destination port

Window size

MTU

A Tier 1 ISP

A Tier 2 ISP

A Tier 3 ISP

Tier 1 and Tier 2 ISPs

SF 1

SF 2

SF 3

Both CF1 and CF2