312-76 EC-Council Disaster Recovery Professional v3 (EDRP) Questions and Answers

Updating the NIC driver can resolve VMQ issues by improving how the NIC handles virtual machine data queues, addressing slow transmission due to restrictions.

Option A:Storage performance doesn’t directly fix VMQ/NIC issues.

Option B:Bandwidth increase helps but doesn’t target the root VMQ problem.

Option D:Incorrect, as updating the driver is a valid fix.

“Updating NIC drivers resolves VMQ bottlenecks, enhancing data transmission speed between virtual machines by optimizing hardware handling” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: VM Performance).

Server Clustering connects multiple servers into a unified resource, improving scalability and protecting against failures, as Jack implemented.

Option A (Mirroring):Data duplication, not scalability-focused.

Option B (Deduplication):Storage optimization, not clustering.

Option C (Failover):Backup switching, not unified resource.

“Server Clustering unifies computing resources, enhancing scalability and resilience against application and site failures” (Module: Clustering Technologies, Section: Clustering Benefits).

A vulnerability assessment follows a logical sequence:

d) List the threats that may occur– Identify potential threats first.

b) Estimate the probability of occurrence of each threat– Assess likelihood next.

a) Assess the potential impact of the threat on the organization– Evaluate impact after probability.

c) Assess the internal and external resources available to mitigate the identified threats– Finally, review mitigation resources.This order (d, b, a, c) ensures threats are identified before analyzing their likelihood, impact, and mitigation, aligning with standard risk assessment practices.

Option A (c, a, d, b):Starts with resources, illogical without threats.

Option C (b, d, c, a):Probability before listing threats is premature.

Option D (b, c, d, a):Probability and resources before threats is out of sequence.

“Vulnerability assessment begins with listing threats, followed by estimating probability, assessing impact, and evaluating mitigation resources in that order (d, b, a, c)” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Vulnerability Assessment Steps).

The Data Protection Continuum is a conceptual framework (often depicted graphically) that illustrates various data protection tools and services, balancing their costs against recovery time objectives (RTO). It helps organizations choose appropriate strategies, from basic backups to advanced replication, based on cost and recovery speed.

Option A (3DR):Likely a typo or unrelated term; not a standard concept.

Option B (Continuous Data Protection):A specific technology, not a broad representation.

Option D (Data Backup):A general process, not a graphical framework.

“The Data Protection Continuum provides a visual model to evaluate data protection options, aligning tools like snapshots, CDP, and replication with cost and RTO requirements, aiding strategic decision-making” (Module: Data Protection Strategies, Section: Protection Frameworks).

High Availability (HA) ensures continuous operation by automatically switching to backup components (like virtual memory) during a failure, minimizing downtime, as in ABC Inc.’s case.

Option A (Deduplication):Removes redundant data, not a failover feature.

Option C (Fault Tolerance):Prevents failure impact but typically implies no interruption, not a switch.

Option D (Mirroring):Duplicates data, a component of HA, but not the full feature.

“High Availability maintains operations through automatic failover to backup resources, ensuring business continuity during component failures” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Availability Features).

Three-tier architecture in decentralized computing consists of Client (presentation), Application Server (logic), and Database Server (data), as standard layers.

Option A/B/C:Include unrelated or incorrect terms (e.g., Peer-to-Peer).

“Three-tier architecture comprises Client, Application Server, and Database Server, decentralizing functions for scalability” (Module: Network Architectures, Section: Tiered Architectures).

RAID 3 uses striping with a dedicated parity drive, meeting all requirements: parity for reconstruction, good speed (sequential access), and lower cost than RAID 10 or RAID 1 (fewer drives than RAID 10). Option C duplicates RAID 1, likely a typo.

Option A (RAID 10):Mirroring and striping, expensive, no parity drive.

Option B/C (RAID 1):Mirroring, no parity, costly for multiple drives.

Option D (RAID 3):Parity-based, cost-effective, meets all criteria.

“RAID 3 employs a dedicated parity drive for data reconstruction, offering good performance and cost-efficiency for backup solutions” (Module: Storage Technologies, Section: RAID Levels).

A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is the detailed blueprint outlining specific tactics and procedures for ensuring continuity and recovery post-disaster.

Option A (BCM):The overarching process, not the plan itself.

Option B (Crisis Management):Focuses on immediate response, not continuity.

Option D (Strategy):High-level approach, not the detailed plan.

“The Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is the tactical blueprint detailing steps for continuity and recovery, operationalizing BCM goals” (Module: Business Continuity Planning, Section: BCP Definition).

Tier 6 in DR tier models (e.g., SHARE) provides automated recovery of data and applications with near-zero downtime and data loss, fitting Phil’s scenario.

Option A (Tier 4):Point-in-time copies, less automated.

Option B (Tier 7):Fully mirrored, zero loss, more than needed here.

Option D (Tier 2):Basic offsite backup, not automated.

“Tier 6 offers automated recovery of data and applications, minimizing manual intervention and downtime” (Module: Disaster Recovery Tiers, Section: Tier Definitions).

ISO 22301 is the standard for societal security in Business Continuity Management Systems (BCMS), ensuring resilience against disasters, as Jess desires.

Option A (ISO 27031):ICT continuity, not societal focus.

Option C (NFPA 1600):Disaster management, broader than BCMS.

Option D (ISO 27005):Risk management, not continuity-specific.

“ISO 22301, the societal security standard for BCMS, ensures robust continuity planning for disaster resilience” (Module: Business Continuity Management, Section: Standards).

An Incremental Backup captures only files created or modified since the last backup (full or incremental), making it faster and less storage-intensive, as Kelly is doing.

Option A (Full Backup):Copies all data, not just changes.

Option B (Normal Backup):Synonym for full backup, not selective.

Option D (Differential Backup):Copies changes since the last full backup, not the last backup.

“Incremental Backups save only data changed since the last backup, optimizing speed and storage for frequent operations” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

In Microsoft Hyper-V architecture, the VM Management Service (part of the Hyper-V Virtual Machine Management Service, VMMS) resides in the Parent Partition, which hosts the management OS and controls virtual machines.

Option A (Child Partition):Hosts guest VMs, not management services.

Option C (Hypervisor Layer):Manages hardware abstraction, not services.

Option D (Windows Kernel):Core OS component, not specific to VM management.

“The VM Management Service in Hyper-V operates within the Parent Partition, overseeing VM creation, configuration, and operation” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Hyper-V Architecture).

In Hyper-V, Checkpoint Backup (formerly called snapshots in earlier versions) creates point-in-time copies of virtual machines, allowing quick backups without the time overhead of a full backup, as Jack’s manager suggested.

Option A (System Backup):Not a Hyper-V-specific feature.

Option C (Snapshots Backup):Older term, replaced by “Checkpoint” in newer Hyper-V versions.

Option D (Hyper-V Replication):Replicates VMs for DR, not a backup method.

“Hyper-V’s Checkpoint Backup feature enables rapid point-in-time VM backups, reducing backup time compared to full system copies” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Hyper-V Backup Options).

Load Balancing distributes web traffic across multiple servers (Zoe’s three) to optimize performance and prevent overload, as described.

Option A (Point in Time Recovery):Restores data, not traffic management.

Option C (Clustering):Groups servers for redundancy, not load distribution alone.

Option D (High-Availability):Ensures uptime, not necessarily load balancing.

“Load Balancing evenly distributes traffic across servers, enhancing efficiency and preventing crashes under high demand” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Traffic Management).

Qualitative Impact assesses non-measurable effects, such as morale, productivity, and reputation, which align with the scenario’s focus on slowed progress and team morale.

Option A (Semi-Qualitative):A hybrid term, less precise here.

Option C (Quantitative):Measurable losses (e.g., financial), not the primary focus.

Option D (Industrial):Too broad, not specific to impact type.

“Qualitative Impact evaluates intangible consequences like morale and operational delays following a breach, critical for BIA” (Module: Business Impact Analysis, Section: Impact Types).

The Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is a standard developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) for packaging and distributing virtual machines and software. It ensures interoperability across virtualization platforms, making it a key virtualization standard.

Option A (PCI DSS):A security standard for payment cards, not virtualization-related.

Option B (CSA):An organization, not a standard, focused on cloud security.

Option C (vCloud API):A VMware-specific API, not a DMTF standard.

“The Open Virtualization Format (OVF), established by the DMTF, standardizes virtual machine packaging for portability and compatibility across platforms” (Module: Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Section: Virtualization Standards).

A Hot Site is a fully operational alternate site with duplicated systems and data, running in parallel to the primary site. It allows immediate failover and continuity of operations with minimal downtime, meeting John’s need for near-instant resumption.

Option A (Cold Site):A basic facility with power and space, requiring significant setup time.

Option B (Warm Site):Partially equipped, with some pre-installed systems, but not fully operational in real time.

Option D (Colocation Facilities):Shared data centers, not inherently designed for immediate failover.

“Hot Sites are fully redundant, mirrored environments that operate concurrently with primary sites, ensuring zero to minimal downtime during failover, ideal for critical operations” (Module: Alternate Sites, Section: Site Types).

A Functional Test mobilizes resources to test specific BCP components in a live setting, as Archie did.

Option B (Simulation):Mimics scenarios, not resource mobilization.

Option C (Checklist):Reviews steps, not active testing.

Option D (Orientation):Introduces plan, not resource-based.

“Functional Tests activate resources to validate BCP components, ensuring operational readiness” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Types).

Return on Risk Adjusted Capital (RORAC) is a financial metric often used to allocate funds for risk mitigation, including emergency reserves like James’ $20,000 for virtual connections. It reflects the return expected after accounting for risk costs.

Option A (RAROC):Similar, but typically broader, not specific to emergency funds.

Option B (RAPM):A management approach, not a fund term.

Option C (RARORAC):A variant, less commonly used in this context.

“RORAC quantifies funds set aside for risk scenarios, such as emergency recovery costs, ensuring financial preparedness aligns with risk exposure” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Financial Metrics).

An Exchange Server (Microsoft) provides mail and calendar services, managing email, scheduling, and collaboration.

Option A (Application Server):Runs applications, not mail-specific.

Option B (Web Server):Hosts websites, not mail/calendar.

Option D (Domain Controller):Manages network authentication, not mail.

“Exchange Servers deliver email and calendar services, critical for communication continuity in organizations” (Module: Server Management, Section: Server Roles).

A Snapshot is a point-in-time copy of a virtual machine’s state, including its data, configuration, and memory, taken at regular intervals. It allows Phil to revert to the last saved version after a crash, preserving the VM’s architecture. This is common in virtualization platforms like VMware or Hyper-V.

Option B (Mirroring):Duplicates data in real time, not a point-in-time backup.

Option C (CDP):Captures every change continuously, more granular than needed here.

Option D (D2D):Transfers data between disks, not specific to VM state capture.

“Snapshots provide point-in-time backups of virtual machines, capturing their full state for quick recovery, ideal for experimental or critical workloads” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: VM Backup Methods).

Recovery Time Objective (RTO)refers to the amount of time a system, application, or process can be down before it causes significant harm to the business. In this scenario, the betting site determined that if the payment gateway system is down for more than an hour, it would result in substantial financial losses ($100,000) and customer attrition (15% short-term and 25% permanently). The focus on the acceptable downtime before these impacts occur aligns with the definition of RTO. The mention of "two hours" in the question seems to be a slight mismatch with the "more than an hour" in the description, but the context still points to RTO as the best fit, as it defines the target time frame for recovery.

Recovery Point Objective (RPO)refers to the amount of data loss (measured in time) a business can tolerate, not the duration of system downtime.

Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption (MTPOD)is a broader term that encompasses the total time a business can withstand a disruption, including recovery and other factors, but it is less specific to the immediate system restoration time frame described here.

Work Recovery Time (WRT)is not a widely standardized term in this context and typically relates to the time needed to recover specific work processes, not the system downtime tolerance.

Thus,RTOis the most precise term for the time period the business can tolerate the payment gateway being unavailable.

A Team-wide BIA (Business Impact Analysis) evaluates interruptions specific to a department or team due to internal system failures, as described.

Option B (Organization-wide):Covers the entire organization, not department-specific.

Option C (Country-wide):Too broad, not system-focused.

Option D (Branch-wide):Branch-level, not necessarily team/department.

“Team-wide BIA assesses the impact of internal system failures on a specific department, tailoring continuity plans to team needs” (Module: Business Impact Analysis, Section: BIA Scope).

Deja Dup is Ubuntu’s native backup and restore tool, allowing Sam to recover deleted files from a previous backup.

Option B (Checkpoints):Hyper-V term, not Ubuntu.

Option C (Shadow Copy):Windows feature, not Ubuntu.

Option D (Snapshots):General term, not Ubuntu-specific.

“Deja Dup, Ubuntu’s native backup utility, enables file recovery from prior backups, simplifying restoration on Linux systems” (Module: System Recovery, Section: OS-Specific Tools).

Durability in PASIS (Pittsburgh Advanced Survivable Information Storage) ensures data remains recoverable despite node failures, using redundancy and encoding, enabling James to retrieve data post-earthquake.

Option B (Availability):Ensures access, not recovery after loss.

Option C (Reaction):Not a PASIS feature.

Option D (Integrity):Ensures data accuracy, not recovery.

“Durability in PASIS architecture guarantees data recovery from failed nodes through redundancy and encoding, enhancing survivability” (Module: Survivable Storage Systems, Section: PASIS Features).

ISO/IEC 27005 is an information security risk management standard that requires identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks (like George’s exercise) to develop a mitigation plan. It fits his prioritization of electrical surges.

Option A (ISO 27001):Broad security management, not risk-specific.

Option B (INCITS 483-2012):Virtualization security, not risk management.

Option C (ISO 27031):ICT continuity, narrower than 27005.

“ISO/IEC 27005 guides organizations in risk identification, assessment, and prioritization, forming the basis for security and DR planning” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Standards).

Mission Essential Functions (MEF) are critical tasks an organization must maintain or quickly resume post-disruption to ensure continuity.

Option A (BIA):Identifies impacts, not tasks.

Option B (Mitigation):Reduces risks, not task-focused.

Option D (MAD):Downtime limit, not tasks.

“Mission Essential Functions (MEF) are vital tasks requiring continuous or rapid resumption to sustain operations post-incident” (Module: Business Continuity Planning, Section: MEF Definition).

N-Tier Architecture combines client-server principles with multiple layers (e.g., presentation, application, data), enhancing scalability and flexibility.

Option B:Not a standard term.

Option C:Basic client-server, not layered.

Option D:Refers to dependency, not architecture type.

“N-Tier Architecture merges client-server with layered design, supporting robust, scalable systems for DR” (Module: Network Architectures, Section: Architecture Types).

Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a centralized storage solution connected to a network, allowing multiple users and devices to access and back up data efficiently. It’s ideal for Tom’s needs across multiple branches, offering centralized storage and simplified backup/recovery processes.

Option A (DAS):Direct Attached Storage is local to a single server, not centralized across a network.

Option C (PAS):This appears to be a typo; no such standard technology exists (possibly meant SAN or similar).

Option D (RAID):Redundant Array of Independent Disks enhances reliability but isn’t a centralized network solution.

EDRP v3 discusses NAS as a scalable, centralized storage option for backup and recovery in distributed environments (Module: Storage Technologies).

“Resume” refers to restarting or recommencing business operations post-disaster as systems become available, aligning with business continuity goals.

Option A (Return):Too vague, not a specific DR term.

Option C (Reduce):Unrelated to restarting operations.

Option D (Recover):Focuses on data/system restoration, not operational resumption.

EDRP v3 uses “resume” to describe the phase of restoring business functions after recovery (Module: Business Continuity Management).

Walkthrough Testing involves team members reviewing the DR plan in a structured discussion to confirm effectiveness, identify bottlenecks, and uncover weaknesses, as Joan did.

Option B (Full Interruption):Live shutdown test, not discussion-based.

Option C (Parallel):Runs recovery alongside primary, not weakness-focused.

Option D (Simulation):Mimics disasters, not confirmation-based.

“Walkthrough Testing engages team members to validate DR plan effectiveness and pinpoint weaknesses through detailed review” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Types).

In the 3DR (Data Protection, Disaster Recovery, Doomsday Recovery) model, Remote Backup of Data Protection is termed the “doomsday recovery level,” representing the ultimate offsite safeguard against catastrophic loss.

Option A:Basic local protection, not doomsday-level.

Option B:Long-term storage, not recovery-focused.

Option C:General backup, not remote-specific.

“Remote Backup of Data Protection, dubbed the doomsday recovery level in 3DR, ensures data survival through offsite replication” (Module: Data Protection Strategies, Section: 3DR Model).

Opportunity Cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone when choosing one option over others, directly matching the question’s definition.

Option A (BIA):Assesses disruption impacts, not alternatives.

Option C (Fixed Cost):A static expense, unrelated to choices.

Option D (Cost Benefit Analysis):Compares costs and benefits, not forgone gains.

“Opportunity Cost represents the potential benefit lost by choosing one recovery strategy over another, a key consideration in resource allocation” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Cost Analysis).

A Warm Site is partially equipped with pre-installed hardware and pre-configured settings, requiring some setup time (e.g., a few days) to become operational, fitting Craig’s buffer and RTO needs.

Option A (Cold Sites):Basic facilities, requiring longer setup time.

Option B (Colocation Facilities):Shared data centers, not inherently recovery-focused.

Option D (Hot Sites):Fully operational, no downtime, too robust for Craig’s needs.

“Warm Sites offer pre-installed hardware and configurations, balancing cost and recovery time, suitable for operations tolerating brief downtime” (Module: Alternate Sites, Section: Site Types).

The Review Phase of scenario training occurs after execution and involves a debrief with participants to gather feedback, assess performance, and identify improvements. This aligns with the question’s focus on obtaining feedback post-training.

Option A (Execution Phase):The active running of the scenario, no debrief yet.

Option C (Warning Phase):Not a standard phase; implies pre-event alerts.

Option D (Planning Phase):Prepares the scenario, not for feedback collection.

“The Review Phase follows scenario execution, involving a debrief to collect participant feedback and refine the training process” (Module: Training and Awareness, Section: Training Phases).

Crisis Management involves strategies to handle sudden, significant events (e.g., disasters), focusing on immediate response and mitigation, as described.

Option A (Risk Assessment):Identifies risks, not manages events.

Option B (Application Recovery):Restores applications, not a broad strategy.

Option D (BIA):Analyzes impacts, not event handling.

“Crisis Management applies strategies to address sudden, disruptive events, ensuring organizational stability during emergencies” (Module: Crisis Management, Section: Overview).

Recovery Point Objective (RPO) measures the data loss window, here 13 hours from the last backup (8:00 pm) to the disaster (9:00 am), not recovery time (8 hours). The ‘minus 13 hours’ phrasing is misleading; RPO is the correct term for potential data loss.

Option A (RTO):Time to restore (8 hours), not data loss.

Option B (MAO):Maximum downtime tolerance, not data-specific.

Option D (SPOF):A failure point, unrelated to time.

“RPO defines the time between the last backup and a disaster, indicating potential data loss, critical for planning” (Module: Recovery Metrics, Section: RPO Definition).

Overall Program Governance in a BCP audit evaluates the plan’s alignment with resilience and continuity goals, including funding adequacy, ensuring it supports organizational objectives effectively.

Option A (Ongoing Program Management):Focuses on day-to-day execution, not funding review.

Option C (Management of Process Changes):Tracks updates, not resilience or funding.

Option D (Overall Testing of the Plan):Validates functionality, not governance.

“Overall Program Governance assesses BCP effectiveness, resilience promotion, and funding balance to ensure sustainable continuity” (Module: Business Continuity Planning, Section: BCP Audit Phases).

SYSVOL (System Volume) is a shared directory in Microsoft Server OS that stores domain public files, such as Group Policy objects and scripts, replicated across domain controllers.

Option A (ADFS):Active Directory Federation Services, unrelated to file storage.

Option C (inetpub):Hosts web server files, not domain-shared files.

Option D (Public Files):Too generic, not a specific directory.

“SYSVOL is a critical directory in Windows domains, replicating shared files across controllers for consistency and accessibility” (Module: Server Management, Section: Domain Operations).

Disk Imaging software creates a block-level copy of an entire disk or partition, capturing all data, including the OS and applications, for restoration. This fits Cameron’s need for a comprehensive server backup.

Option A (Cloud Backup):Typically file-based, not block-level imaging.

Option C (Visualization):Likely a typo for “Virtualization,” which isn’t backup software.

Option D (Bare-metal Restore):A recovery process, not the software creating the image.

EDRP v3 discusses disk imaging as a key backup method for complete system recovery (Module: Data Backup and Recovery).

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture connects individual computers to share resources and workloads directly, eliminating reliance on a central server. Rick’s solution fits this model by distributing the load across team members’ computers.

Option A (Three Tier):Involves separate layers (e.g., presentation, application, data), not load distribution.

Option B (Client-Server):Relies on a central server, which Rick removed.

Option D (N-Tier):A multi-layered architecture, not applicable here.

“Peer-to-Peer architecture decentralizes processing, leveraging interconnected nodes to balance loads, useful in resource-constrained environments” (Module: Network Architectures, Section: Decentralized Systems).

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a dedicated high-speed network that separates storage devices from servers and user networks, providing centralized block-level storage access.

Option A (NAS):Network Attached Storage uses the user network, not a dedicated one.

Option B (SCSI):Small Computer System Interface, a protocol, not a network (likely a typo for SAS).

Option D (SAS):Serial Attached SCSI, a drive interface, not a network.

“SANs provide a dedicated storage network, isolating storage from server and user traffic for efficiency and security” (Module: Storage Technologies, Section: SAN Overview).