1z0-1093-23 Oracle Base Database Services 2023 Professional Questions and Answers

• Maintenance Windows and MySQL: Maintenance windows in MySQL database systems (including those in cloud environments) are primarily dedicated to patching and updating the core database software and the operating system upon which it runs. This ensures security fixes, bug resolutions, and potential performance improvements.expand_more
• Excluded Activities:

References:

• Cloud SQL for MySQL documentation on maintenance: (Find references for your specific MySQL environment - Google Cloud, AWS, Azure, etc.). Example: https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/maintenance
• General MySQL maintenance: Search for resources discussing routine maintenance tasks within MySQL. These will often distinguish between system-level updates (OS, DB software) and database-level optimizations.

v When you use the “Stop” option from the Console of an Exadata Database Service virtual machine within a VM cluster, the following two statements are true1:

• Billing for the CPU stops but billing for the Exadata Infrastructure continues. This is because the “Stop” option only stops the virtual machine (VM) and releases the OCPU resources allocated to it, but does not terminate the VM or delete the associated block volumes1. Therefore, you are not charged for the OCPU usage of the stopped VM, but you are still charged for the Exadata Infrastructure and the block volume storage1. You can resume the billing for the OCPU by restarting the VM from the Console1.
• The stopped VM is not available to any other database deployment. This is because the “Stop” option only stops the VM and does not delete it or detach it from the VM cluster1. Therefore, the stopped VM remains associated with the original database deployment and cannot be used by any other database deployment1. You can make the VM available again by restarting it from the Console1.

The other statements are false because1:

• The “Stop” option only stops the selected VM and does not affect the other VMs in the cluster. You can stop or start individual VMs in the cluster as needed, without impacting the availability of the other VMs1.
• The “Stop” option only stops the databases running on the selected VM and does not affect the databases running on the other VMs in the cluster. You can stop or start individual databases in the cluster as needed, without impacting the availability of the other databases1.
• The “Stop” option does not stop the billing for the OCPU and Infrastructure until the VM restarts. As explained above, the “Stop” option only stops the billing for the OCPU, but not for the Infrastructure or the block volume storage. The billing for the OCPU resumes when the VM restarts1. References:
• 4: Manage VM Clusters - Oracle Help Center

The characteristic that is NOT a factor that impacts the capacity units for provisioning a NoSQL Database Cloud Service table is the query pattern. The query pattern refers to the frequency and complexity of the queries that are executed on the table. The query pattern does not affect the capacity units, which are based on the write and read throughput and the storage capacity of the table1.

The other options are factors that impact the capacity units for provisioning a NoSQL Database Cloud Service table because:

• A. Record size: The record size affects the write and read units, which are defined as the throughput of up to 1 KB of data per second for a write or read operation. If the record size is larger than 1 KB, then more write or read units are required to achieve the same throughput1.
• B. Durability level: The durability level affects the read units, which are defined as the throughput of up to 1 KB of data per second for an eventual consistent read operation. If the durability level is set to absolute consistent, which guarantees that the data returned is the most recent, then twice as many read units are required to achieve the same throughput1.
• C. Data model: The data model affects the storage capacity, which is defined as the amount of storage space used by the table. The data model determines the number and type of fields in each record, which in turn affects the storage size of each record. The more fields and complex data types in the record, the more storage capacity is required1.

References: 1: Oracle NoSQL Database Cloud Service Capacity Planning

The exacli tool is a command-line interface that can be used to monitor and manage the storage servers in Exadata Database Service. The exacli tool provides access to the cellcli command, which is used to manage and monitor individual Oracle Exadata storage cells1. The exacli tool can also perform other tasks, such as checking the status of the storage server grid, viewing the configuration and performance metrics of the storage servers, and applying patches and updates to the storage servers2.

The other options are not tools that can be used to monitor a storage server in Exadata Database Service. The dbaascli tool is a command-line interface that can be used to perform various administrative tasks on the database servers, such as creating and deleting databases, managing backups and restores, and applying patches and updates3. The OCI CLI tool is a command-line interface that can be used to interact with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services, such as creating and managing resources, configuring network and security settings, and accessing the Console4. The ocpucli tool is not a valid tool name, but it may be confused with the opctli tool, which is a command-line interface that can be used to manage Oracle Private Cloud Appliance, a converged infrastructure system that is not related to Exadata Database Service5. References:

• exacli Command-Line Interface - Oracle Help Center
• Monitor Oracle Exadata Storage Infrastructure in OCI Database Management
• dbaascli Utility Reference - Oracle Help Center
• Command Line Interface (CLI) - Oracle Help Center
• Oracle® Private Cloud Appliance Administrator’s Guide

 The recommended subnet configurations for Exadata Database Service are to use regional subnets for both client and backup, or to use a private subnet for client and a private subnet for backup12. Regional subnets span all availability domains in the region, which provides high availability and flexibility for the Exadata Database Service1. Private subnets are isolated from the internet and provide more security and control for the Exadata Database Service1. Using a public subnet for client or backup exposes the Exadata Database Service to the internet, which is not recommended1. Using a service subnet for backup is not supported, as service subnets are reserved for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services3. References:

• Network Setup for Exadata Cloud Infrastructure Instances
• Service Gateway
• Oracle Exadata Cloud Service (ExaCS) Networking

 According to the Oracle NoSQL Database Cloud Service documentation, the maximum supported rate of DDL operations is 4 DDL operations per minute1. This limit applies to the creation, alteration, and deletion of tables and indexes. If you exceed this limit, you may encounter an OperationThrottlingException2. Therefore, option E is the correct answer and the rest are incorrect. References: 1: Plan your service - Oracle Help Center 2: Oracle NoSQL cloud service - Stack Overflow

The statement that is false related to loading a table into HeatWave is that data is distributed among analytics nodes by slicing tables vertically. This is false, because HeatWave distributes data among analytics nodes by slicing tables horizontally, not vertically1. Horizontal slicing means that each analytics node stores a subset of the table rows, while vertical slicing means that each analytics node stores a subset of the table columns1. Horizontal slicing enables parallel processing of queries across analytics nodes, while vertical slicing would require data shuffling and communication between analytics nodes1.

The statements that are true related to loading a table into HeatWave are:

• Data is read from InnoDB using batched, multi-threaded reads. This is true, because HeatWave loads data with batched, multi-threaded reads from InnoDB, which improves the performance and efficiency of the data loading process2.
• Data is partitioned by primary key unless data placement keys are defined. This is true, because HeatWave partitions data by the table primary key, which determines how the table rows are distributed among analytics nodes1. However, you can also define data placement keys for a table, which override the primary key and enable you to control the data distribution based on your query patterns.
• Data is converted into columnar format and sent over the network. This is true, because HeatWave converts the data into columnar format, which optimizes the data for analytical queries and reduces the storage footprint1. HeatWave then sends the data over the network to distribute it among analytics nodes in horizontal slices2.

References:

• MySQL :: MySQL HeatWave User Guide :: 2.1 HeatWave Architecture
• MySQL :: MySQL HeatWave User Guide :: 2.2 Loading Data
• [MySQL :: MySQL HeatWave User Guide :: 2.7.2 Defining Data Placement Keys]

Active Data Guard is a technology that can be used to minimize downtime for maintenance, including database upgrades, on Exadata Database Service. Active Data Guard enables a physical standby database to be open for read-only access while it is synchronized with the primary database. This allows the standby database to serve as a reporting or backup database, as well as a disaster recovery solution. Active Data Guard also supports rolling upgrades, which allow the primary and standby databases to run different Oracle Database versions or patch levels during the upgrade process. This reduces the downtime required for the upgrade, as the standby database can be upgraded first and then switched over to become the primary database, while the original primary database is upgraded in the background12.

The other options are not technologies that can be used to minimize downtime for maintenance on Exadata Database Service. Application Continuity is a technology that enables the replay of in-flight database requests in case of outages or planned maintenance, but it does not eliminate the downtime itself3. ASM (Automatic Storage Management) is a technology that provides storage management and performance optimization for Oracle Database, but it does not reduce the downtime for maintenance4. RMAN (Recovery Manager) is a tool that provides backup and recovery capabilities for Oracle Database, but it does not reduce the downtime for maintenance5. Multitenant is a technology that enables the consolidation of multiple databases into a single container database, but it does not reduce the downtime for maintenance. References:

• Oracle Active Data Guard - Oracle Help Center
• Oracle Database 19c Upgrade Guide - Oracle Help Center
• Application Continuity - Oracle Help Center
• Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) - Oracle Help Center
• Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User’s Guide - Oracle Help Center
• [Oracle Multitenant - Oracle Help Center]

A Service Gateway is a virtual router that enables private access to multiple Oracle services in the Oracle Services Network, a conceptual network that is reserved for Oracle services and composed of a list of regional CIDR blocks1. A Service Gateway can be used to access Object Storage, which is one of the Oracle services supported by the Service Gateway2. A Service Gateway can only connect to services in the same region of its VCN, not in other regions3. A Service Gateway cannot be used to connect to the Internet, as it does not have a public IP address4. A Service Gateway can be used with either a private or a public subnet, as long as the subnet has a route table that directs traffic to the Service Gateway5. References: 1: Service Gateway | Oracle 2: [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation] 3: [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation] 4: [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation] 5: [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation]

The three strategies to migrate Oracle Database to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) are:

• Zero Downtime Migration: This is a tool that provides a simplified and automated migration experience, providing zero to negligible downtime for the production system. It supports migrating Oracle Database versions 11.2.0.4 and later, running on any platform, to any OCI Database service, including Exadata, Cloud@Customer, and Autonomous1.
• Migration Workbench: This is a feature of Oracle Enterprise Manager that provides a user interface to perform database migrations using various methods, such as Data Pump, Transportable Tablespaces, or Cross-Platform Transportable PDBs. It supports migrating Oracle Database versions 11.2.0.4 and later, running on any platform, to any OCI Database service, including Exadata, Cloud@Customer, and Autonomous2.
• GoldenGate: This is a software product that enables data replication and integration across heterogeneous databases and platforms. It supports migrating Oracle Database versions 10.2 and later, running on any platform, to any OCI Database service, including Exadata, Cloud@Customer, and Autonomous. It also supports bi-directional replication and zero downtime upgrades3.

B is incorrect, because autonomous migration is not a strategy to migrate Oracle Database to OCI, but a feature of Oracle Autonomous Database that allows you to migrate data from other sources, such as Oracle Database, MySQL, MongoDB, or Amazon S3, to an Autonomous Database instance using Oracle Data Pump or SQL Developer Web4.

C is incorrect, because Real Application Clusters (RAC) is not a strategy to migrate Oracle Database to OCI, but a feature of Oracle Database that provides high availability and scalability by enabling multiple instances to access the same database across a cluster of servers5.

References: 1: Get started with Zero Downtime Migration 2: Migrate Oracle Databases to OCI 3: Oracle GoldenGate 4: Migrate Data to Autonomous Database 5: Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)

The users created on Database Servers that can be used for both Oracle database and host management of your Exadata Database Service are the root, opc, oracle, and grid users1. These users have different roles and privileges as follows:

• root: The root user is the superuser on the Database Servers. The root user can perform any administrative task on the host, such as installing software, configuring the network, and managing the file system. The root user can also access the Oracle Database as the SYSDBA user1.
• opc: The opc user is the default user that you use to connect to the Database Servers using SSH. The opc user has sudo privileges to run commands as root or other users. The opc user can also access the Oracle Database as the SYSDBA user1.
• oracle: The oracle user is the owner of the Oracle Database software and the Oracle Database home directory. The oracle user can perform database administration tasks, such as creating and managing databases, tablespaces, and users. The oracle user can also access the Oracle Database as the SYSDBA user1.
• grid: The grid user is the owner of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software and the Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) home directory. The grid user can perform ASM administration tasks, such as creating and managing disk groups, volumes, and files. The grid user can also access the Oracle Database as the SYSASM user1.

The other options are incorrect because:

• B. root, opc, oracle, grid, and cloud users: The cloud user is not a valid user on the Database Servers. The cloud user is a user that you create in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Identity and Access Management (IAM) service to access the Oracle Cloud resources. The cloud user cannot access the Oracle Database or the host management of the Exadata Database Service2.
• C. opc, oracle, and grid users: This option is missing the root user, which is a valid user on the Database Servers that can access the Oracle Database and the host management of the Exadata Database Service1.
• D. root, oracle, and grid users: This option is missing the opc user, which is the default user on the Database Servers that can access the Oracle Database and the host management of the Exadata Database Service1.

References: 1: Users on Database Servers 2: Users and Roles in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure

Exadata Cloud@Customer is a cloud service that delivers the full power of the Exadata platform in your data center. You can create VM clusters on Exadata Cloud@Customer to run Oracle Database instances on virtual machines. You can scale up and down the following resources on your VM cluster1:

• CPU: You can increase or decrease the number of CPU cores allocated to each database node in the VM cluster. You can also enable or disable auto-scaling, which allows the system to automatically adjust the CPU cores based on the workload demand2.
• Memory: You can increase or decrease the amount of memory allocated to each database node in the VM cluster. You can also enable or disable auto-scaling, which allows the system to automatically adjust the memory based on the workload demand2.
• Local Storage: You can increase or decrease the size of the local storage allocated to each database node in the VM cluster. Local storage is used for the operating system, software installation, and temporary files. You can also enable or disable auto-scaling, which allows the system to automatically adjust the local storage based on the workload demand2.
• Exadata Storage: You can increase or decrease the size of the Exadata storage allocated to the VM cluster. Exadata storage is used for the database files, such as data files, control files, redo logs, etc. You can also enable or disable auto-scaling, which allows the system to automatically adjust the Exadata storage based on the workload demand2.

Therefore, statement E is correct, and statements A, B, C, and D are incorrect. Persistent Memory (PMEM), Flash Storage, Network, and Grid Infrastructure Bandwidth are not resources that can be scaled up and down on your VM cluster on Exadata Cloud@Customer1. References: 1: Exadata Cloud@Customer 2: Exadata Cloud@Customer’s distributed cloud database platform

You can independently scale the storage used by the VM DB System but the Available Data storage size and Recovery Area storage size cannot be decreased. This is because the VM DB System uses block volumes to store the database data files and the recovery area files, and the block volumes cannot be downsized1. However, you can increase the storage size of the block volumes at any time, either individually or together, to accommodate the growth of your database1. You can also scale the compute resources of the VM DB System independently of the storage resources, by adding or removing CPU cores or changing the shape of the VM DB System1. Scaling the storage or compute resources of the VM DB System does not affect the availability of the database, as the scaling operations are performed online1. References:

• 1: Scaling a Virtual Machine DB System - Oracle Help Center
• Independent Scaling: Oracle VM DB Systems allow you to scale the Available Data storage (the main storage for your database) and the Recovery Area storage (used for backups, Flashback logs, etc.) separately.expand_more This provides flexibility.
• No Decreasing Storage: Once provisioned or scaled up, neither the Available Data storage nor the Recovery Area storage can be scaled 

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down.exclamation This is likely to protect data integrity.